Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction

Farbry, John E.; Wochinger, Kathryn; Shafer, T.; Owens, Nicole; Nedzesky, A.

doi:10.1037/e439682008-001

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…LED displays consume 12 times more energy per day than common signage lighting and severely increase the vertical illumination of the building façades in commercial areas, greatly increasing light intrusion [48]. In addition, high-brightness dynamic picture LED displays create visual interference for drivers [49].…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of the Seoul And Chinese Light Pollutiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment

2019

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Light pollution is a serious environmental issue with many adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem as a whole. Accordingly, many countries have issued laws and regulations to limit the effects of artificial lighting at night (ALAN). The Republic of Korea and China are among the few countries that have drafted laws to curb light pollution. In the present study, we gathered data related to light pollution regulations and ordinances in both China and Korea. We then carried out a comparative analysis of the light pollution laws of both countries. We found that, although the two countries share a similar socio-economic background, they have different approaches to the issue of light pollution. The information provided in this study serves as a guideline to countries that wish to develop their own light pollution policies. In addition, the conclusions provided in our study offer potential improvements to local and national light pollution policies in both the Republic of Korea and China.

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Section: Comparative Analysis Of the Seoul And Chinese Light Pollutiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment

2019

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“…Electronic systems are even used in the form of external billboards. In their report, Farbry et al (2001) present a summary of research findings regarding the possible safety consequences of electronic billboards during driving. The review covers the period between the publishing of a similar text in 1980 up to the year 2000.…”

Section: A Review Of Attention Distraction In Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distraction of Drivers: Causes, Effects, Prevention

Šmolíková¹,

Hoskovec²,

Štikar³

2012

ToTS

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This paper concerns definitions, theory, causes, effects, and prevention of driver distraction. Internal and external stimulation on driver attention are analyzed. The simulation of driving is compared with driving under real conditions. The characteristics of older, as well as younger, drivers are given. The perspectives of preventive measures are presented from a technical, cognitive, and behavioural point of view. KEY WORDS: distraction of drivers, preventive measures for accidents. At present demands on a driver's attention are growing significantly, which is what brought us to selectively process new information regarding the causes and effects of so-called driver distraction, and to provide a theoretical, or possibly a model basis, for research along with its application (Štikar, Hoskovec & Šmolíková, 2010). For a long time, attention has stood at the forefront of the characteristics of drivers' mental activity during driving (Bena, Hoskovec & Štikar, 1962 and 1968, 2 nd ed.). Traditionally when we speak about distraction, we realize that often this refers to an unsuitable distribution of attention, or attention that is unsuitably focused. From a certain point of view, distraction in traffic can be understood as drawing attention away from activities that are important for safe driving (Regan, Lee & Young, 2009). Attention can be distracted as a result of the driver's subjective condition, due to external stimuli, by other activities, such as telephoning, communication with passengers, and by thoughts that do not concern driving, as well as others. We call these secondary activities. During an analysis of 100 accidents or near-accidents in relation to secondary activities during driving, Dingus et al. (2006) determined the order in which individual activities are distracting among 241 drivers. The most distracting was found to be information from various devices and manipulation with other passengers, distraction caused by external stimuli outside of the vehicle, talking to oneself or singing, personal hygiene, daydreaming, and smoking. Attention must be related especially to perceptual processes (central and peripheral). Attention can fail during central vision, when the object can be visually perceived, but the brain is not aware of it. Attention can fail during peripheral vision due to insufficient or inflexible searching.

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“…Standards and regulations have been published in both Europe and the US to standardise the design and production of billboards. Billboard related road collisions have been shown to be a cause of traffic collisions [ 2 , 3 ]. The research studies that investigated billboards related driver distraction has shown that billboards can increase crash risk [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the effect of billboards on driver distraction presents a challenging problem. Two early reports investigated and reviewed the relationship between road crash rate and external distractions (including billboards) from various accident investigations and accident causation databases [ 3 , 6 ]. Both studies elaborated that many previous studies have not been able to show a link between crash rate and the presence of billboards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Driver Visual and Cognitive Responses to Billboard Elicited Passive Distraction Using Eye-Fixation Related Potential

Wang

Clifford

Markham

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Distractions external to a vehicle contribute to visual attention diversion that may cause traffic accidents. As a low-cost and efficient advertising solution, billboards are widely installed on side of the road, especially the motorway. However, the effect of billboards on driver distraction, eye gaze, and cognition has not been fully investigated. This study utilises a customised driving simulator and synchronised electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking system to investigate the cognitive processes relating to the processing of driver visual information. A distinction is made between eye gaze fixations relating to stimuli that assist driving and others that may be a source of distraction. The study compares the driver’s cognitive responses to fixations on billboards with fixations on the vehicle dashboard. The measured eye-fixation related potential (EFRP) shows that the P1 components are similar; however, the subsequent N1 and P2 components differ. In addition, an EEG motor response is observed when the driver makes an adjustment of driving speed when prompted by speed limit signs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed measurement system is a valid tool in assessing driver cognition and suggests the cognitive level of engagement to the billboard is likely to be a precursor to driver distraction. The experimental results are compared with the human information processing model found in the literature.

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Research review of potential safety effects of electronic billboards on driver attention and distraction

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment

A Comparative Study on Current Outdoor Lighting Policies in China and Korea: A Step toward a Sustainable Nighttime Environment

Distraction of Drivers: Causes, Effects, Prevention

Examination of Driver Visual and Cognitive Responses to Billboard Elicited Passive Distraction Using Eye-Fixation Related Potential

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