Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents

Abstract

ObjectivesThere are some common occupational agents and exposure circumstances for which evidence of carcinogenicity is substantial but not yet conclusive for humans. Our objectives were to identify research gaps and needs for 20 agents prioritized for review based on evidence of widespread human exposures and potential carcinogenicity in animals or humans.Data sourcesFor each chemical agent (or category of agents), a systematic review was conducted of new data published since the most recent pertinent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph meeting on that agent.Data extractionReviewers were charged with identifying data gaps and general and specific approaches to address them, focusing on research that would be important in resolving classification uncertainties. An expert meeting brought reviewers together to discuss each agent and the identified data gaps and approaches.Data synthesisSeveral overarching issues were identified that pertained to multiple agents; these included the importance of recognizing that carcinogenic agents can act through multiple toxicity pathways and mechanisms, including epigenetic mechanisms, oxidative stress, and immuno- and hormonal modulation.ConclusionsStudies in occupational populations provide important opportunities to understand the mechanisms through which exogenous agents cause cancer and intervene to prevent human exposure and/or prevent or detect cancer among those already exposed. Scientific developments are likely to increase the challenges and complexities of carcinogen testing and evaluation in the future, and epidemiologic studies will be particularly critical to inform carcinogen classification and risk assessment processes.

Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of employee exposure to lead and other chemicals at a police department.

“…Recent research suggests that inhalation of smaller carbon black particles may be more likely to cause pulmonary inflammation than large carbon black particles [Ward et al 2010]. This is why we measured inhalable and respirable carbon black.…”

Solution processable interface materials for nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices

“…[1][2][3] Moreover, the use of non-toxic solvents is essential for commercial production to ensure environmental and occupational health and safety compliance. 4,5 Aqueous nanoparticulate (NP) dispersions of polymer and fullerene materials fulfil both of these requirements. 6,7 However, if nanoparticulate dispersions are to become more readily adopted for active layer production, they will need to preserve device performance stability whilst maintaining suitability for large area coating techniques such as reel-to-reel printing.…”

Scientific scope of integrating research activities in the Janus Serum Bank and Cancer Registry of Norway

“…Another early observation from Janus was that Helicobacter pylori could cause gastric cancer (23). Access to biological samples combined with data from population-based cancer registries and census occupational data, in studies of work-related and environmental exposure, is needed (24). Such studies are possible to perform by using specimens and data from the Janus Serum Bank.…”