Research Questions with PICO: A Universal Mnemonic

Nishikawa-Pacher, Andreas

doi:10.3390/publications10030021

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A systematic search was conducted to find all scientific studies relevant to the research questions. The population, intervention, control, outcomes (‘PICO’) strategy (60) was followed as much as possible and allowed to identify key terms related to the population of interest, to the type of intervention, and to the outcomes collected (note that the ‘control’ was not included as a search term as we did not restrict our search to case-control studies focussing on comparison of two interventions or comparison of the intervention with a control). We used terms such as “parrot”, “parakeet”, “psittacids” and the specific type of parrot (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We (Don’t) Know about Parrot Welfare: A Systematic Literature Review

Piseddu,

van Zeeland,

Rault

2024

Preprint

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Parrots are popular companion animals but show prevalent and at times severe welfare issues. Nonetheless, there are no scientific tools available to assess parrot welfare. The aim of this systematic review was to identify valid and feasible outcome measures that could be used as welfare indicators for companion parrots. From 1848 peer-reviewed studies retrieved, 98 met our inclusion and exclusion criteria (e.g. experimental studies, captive parrots). For each outcome collected, validity was assessed based on the statistical significance reported by the authors, as other validity parameters were rarely available for evaluation. Feasibility was assigned by considering the need for specific instruments, veterinary-level expertise or handling the parrot. A total of 1512 outcomes were evaluated, of which 572 had a significant p-value and were considered feasible. These included changes in behaviour (e.g. activity level, social interactions, exploration), body measurements (e.g. body weight, plumage condition) and abnormal behaviours, amongst others. However, a high risk of bias undermined the internal validity of these outcomes. Moreover, a strong taxonomic bias, a predominance of studies on parrots in laboratories, and an underrepresentation of companion parrots jeopardized their external validity. These results provide a promising starting point for validating a set of welfare indicators in parrots.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We (Don’t) Know about Parrot Welfare: A Systematic Literature Review

Piseddu,

van Zeeland,

Rault

2024

Preprint

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“…The PICO diagram was designed to formulate a clinical question, according to evidence-based medicine. It allows to explicitly formulate the right clinical questions using an expansion from the PICO acronym (P-population, I-intervention, C-comparison, O-outcome) [11,12]. PRISMA stands for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Strength Parameters of Composite Cements as Affected by Storage Temperature—A Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

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Fixed restorations are now among the most common restorations in modern dental prosthodontics. The current view in prosthodontics of maximum preparation economy is causing an increased interest in the mechanical properties of cements. Among the most important properties of materials used for indirect cementation are mechanical properties, i.e., hardness and compressive strength. These properties can change as a result of changes in physical factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the available literature on the effect of conditioning temperature of cements used for cementation of indirect fixed restorations on the durability of their bonding to dental tissues and their mechanical and physical properties. The following databases were used: Mendeley, PubMed, ResearchGate, National Library of Medicine, and Google Scholar. Analysis of the available literature was carried out according to the Prisma diagram program. Forty-eight articles were selected, which were the following types of studies: clinical reports, research article, and review articles. Some studies indicated that mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, polymerization shrinkage, and conversion factor, did not change after heating the composite material. According to some researchers, preheating the composite material increased its conversion degree, which consequently led to an increase in hardness and fracture toughness, an increase in flexural strength and an increase in elastic modulus, and an increase in abrasion resistance. Studies on changes in the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials, as well as composite cements, have not always provided clear answers, as there are still no laboratory and clinical studies that fully confirm the benefits of heating composite cements. Conducting studies evaluating the effect of elevated storage temperature on the strength parameters of cements, in conjunction with the type of material and its composition, could provide answers to many clinical questions that are still unresolved. If the benefits of heating cements were unequivocally confirmed in laboratory studies, this could open up many possibilities for improving the retention of fixed prosthetic restorations.

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“…La RI permite la incorporación de evidencia en la práctica clínica a través de la búsqueda, evaluación crítica y síntesis de ésta, para poder así implementar intervenciones efectivas en salud y producir un conocimiento uniforme en enfermería. Asimismo, se planteó una pregunta de investigación conforme a los elementos de la estrategia PICO (acrónimo para: P-población, I-intervención, Ccomparación y O-resultado) (14) , obteniendo la siguiente: "¿Es efectivo el uso de terapias complementarias, para el manejo del dolor durante el parto, en puérperas? ".…”

Section: Materials Y Métodos Diseño Del Estudiounclassified

Utilidad de las terapias complementarias en el manejo de dolor durante el parto: una revisión integradora

Palet-Rodríguez

Torrubia-Pérez

2023

Enf Global

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Introduction: Labour pain is one of the most worrying things for future mothers. Nurses ensure the well-being of patients in all these aspects and it should be noted that there are various complementary options to epidural analgesia. Objective: To identify the complementary therapies that could be applied effectively and safely in pregnant women, to analyse the contributing factors of greater well-being for the parturient and to evaluate their utility. Method: this integrative review were carried out in online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Dialnet, Articles whose publication date was not more than ten years ago, written in English, Spanish or Portuguese and open access were included. Results: 16 studies about the application of different complementary therapies used safely in pregnant were included and analysed. The obtained results of the application of complementary techniques in previous studies were taken into account and agruped according to typology: body-mind interventions, alternative medical practice, manual healing methods, immersion in water and swiss ball, aromatherapy and auriculotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Conclusion: The variety of effective and safe complementary therapies on labour is evidencied, as well as their usefulness to reduce the possible incoveniences that may appear during this process, increasing the positive experience of labour. Introducción: El dolor de parto es uno de los aspectos que más preocupan a las futuras madres. La enfermería vela por el bienestar de las pacientes en todas sus vertientes y cabe tener presente que existen diversas opciones complementarias a la analgesia epidural.Objetivo: Identificar las terapias complementarias que puedan aplicarse de forma efectiva y segura en embarazadas, analizar los factores que contribuyan a un mayor bienestar para la parturienta y evaluar su utilidad. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos online: PubMed, Scopus y Dialnet. Se incluyeron artículos cuya fecha de publicación no fuese superior a los 10 años previos a la búsqueda, redactados en inglés, español o portugués y de acceso abierto. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 16 artículos cuya temática giraba en torno a la aplicación de diferentes terapias complementarias utilizadas con seguridad en mujeres embarazadas. Se tuvieron en cuenta los resultados de la aplicación de diferentes técnicas complementarias en estudios previos y se agruparon según tipología: intervenciones cuerpo-mente, práctica médica alternativa, métodos de curación manual, inmersión en agua y pelota suiza, aromaterapia y auriculoterapia y estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea. Conclusión: Se evidencia la variedad de terapias complementarias cuya aplicación resulta efectiva y segura en el momento del parto, así como su utilidad para disminuir los inconvenientes presentes durante esta etapa, acrecentando así, la experiencia positiva del parto.

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Research Questions with PICO: A Universal Mnemonic

Cited by 50 publications

References 44 publications

What We (Don’t) Know about Parrot Welfare: A Systematic Literature Review

What We (Don’t) Know about Parrot Welfare: A Systematic Literature Review

Changes in Strength Parameters of Composite Cements as Affected by Storage Temperature—A Review of the Literature

Utilidad de las terapias complementarias en el manejo de dolor durante el parto: una revisión integradora

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