Research progress on vanadium oxides for potassium-ion batteries

Abstract

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era. Till now, a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs, among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality. Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states. Meanwhile, their relatively low cost and superior material, structural, and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness. Although some inspiring research results have been achieved, many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed. Herein, we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs. Then, feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.

Metal-Ion Intercalation Mechanisms in Vanadium Pentoxide and Its New Perspectives

“…Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have gained attention due to the abundance (i.e., 17,000 ppm in Earth's crust as compared with Li resource being only 20 ppm) and costeffectiveness of potassium. The redox potential of K + /K (−2.93 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) is very close to that of Li + /Li (−3.04 V vs. SHE), indicating that PIBs and LIBs may have similar energy densities, theoretically [56].…”

Advancements in cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries: current landscape, obstacles, and prospects

“…Layered transition metal oxides, such as K x CrO 2 ( x = 0.69, 0.8, and 1), 67,78,232 K x MnO 2 ( x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7), 85,236 K x CoO 2 ( x = 0.44 and 0.6), 65,66 K 0.48 Mn 0.4 Co 0.6 O 2 , 237 K x Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 ( x = 0.45, 0.65 and 0.7), 68,238 K 0.45 Mn 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2 , 60 K 0.5 Mn 0.8 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 O 2 , 55 K 0.67 Ni 0.17 Co 0.17 Mn 0.66 O 2 , 239 K 1.39 Mn 3 O 6 , 240 K x V 2 O 5 , 68,241–246 K 2 V 3 O 8 , 247 K 0.72 Li 0.27 Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , 248 K 0.7 Fe 0.05 Co 0.1 Mn 0.75 Ni 0.05 V 0.05 O 2 , 225 etc. , as well as layered chalcogenides ( e.g.…”

Hard carbon derived from Physalis alkekengi L. husks as a stable anode for sodium-ion batteries

“…Anodes, a crucial component of metal-ion batteries, are vital for battery cell safety and longevity and play a decisive role in the electrochemical kinetics and energy density of SIBs. 4,10,11 Currently, there are various materials being employed as SIB anodes, such as alloying materials, metal oxides/chalcogenides/phosphides, carbon materials, and organic compounds. 12 Hard carbon (HC) is considered as a promising option for commercial SIBs because of the abundance of precursors, superior electrochemical properties, and low-voltage plateaus.…”