Research Progress on the Role of Regulatory T Cell in Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem comprised of cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Analysis of the composition of TME is essential to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the efficacy of different regimes. Treg plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of breast cancer subtypes, and its function contributes to the development and progression of BC by suppressing anti-tumor immunity directly or indirectly through multiple mechanisms. In addition, conventional treatments, such as anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and neo-therapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockades, have a significant impact on the absence of Tregs in BC TME, thus gaining additional anti-tumor effect to some extent. Strikingly, Treg in BC TME revealed the predicted efficacy of some therapeutic strategies. All these results suggest that we can manipulate the abundance of Treg to achieve the ultimate effect of both conventional and novel treatments. In this review, we discuss new insights into the characteristics of Treg in BC TME, the impact of different regiments on Treg, and the possibilities of Treg as a predictive marker of efficacy for certain treatments.

Cuproplasia characterization in colon cancer assists to predict prognosis and immunotherapeutic response

“…Tregs are CD4+ CD25+ T cells with immunosuppressive effects on the human immune system. Tregs can suppress effector T cell responses as well as the activity of other immune cells, such as mast cells, dendritic cells, and B cells, while in malignant tumors, they promote tumor progression by suppressing anti-tumor immunity ( 25 ). In this study, we used six algorithms to assess immune cell infiltration.…”

Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives

“…In the microenvironment of different BC subtypes, Tregs play a crucial role in the development of the disease, and the Treg prognostic effect correlates with tumor stage and molecular subtype. 284 , 285 FOXP3 knockdown with AZD8701, an antisense oligonucleotide, has exhibited a significant tumor growth reduction in an in vivo model. 231 Treg-suppressive function was diminished in in vitro FOXP3 inhibition assay with AZD8701.…”

MicroRNA-200c Attenuates the Tumor-Infiltrating Capacity of Macrophages

“…Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent cancer worldwide and continues to account for a substantial number of tumorassociated deaths [1]. The progression of and prognosis for BC and other tumor entities is largely determined by the tumor microenvironment (TME) (i.e., by stromal cells including various immune cells and fibroblasts) [2][3][4]. Amongst the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), predominantly derived from blood monocytes, play a crucial role.…”