Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint bone disease characterized by inflammatory destruction and hyperplasia of bone. Its main clinical symptoms are joint mobility difficulties and pain, severe cases can lead to limb paralysis, which poses major pressure to the quality of life and mental health of patients, but also brings serious economic burden to society. The occurrence and development of KOA is influenced by many factors, including systemic factors and local factors. The joint biomechanical changes caused by aging, trauma and obesity, abnormal bone metabolism caused by metabolic syndrome, the effects of cytokines and related enzymes, genetic and biochemical abnormalities caused by plasma adiponectin, etc. all directly or indirectly lead to the occurrence of KOA. However, there is little literature that systematically and comprehensively integrates macro‐ and microscopic KOA pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically summarize the pathogenesis of KOA in order to provide a better theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Dicoumarol attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in knee osteoarthritis

“…Several pathogenic factors of KOA have been discovered; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. The occurrence of KOA is related to age, obesity, inflammation, trauma and genetic factors ( 1 , 5 ). The main features of KOA include synovitis, cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation, which results in a serious burden to the daily life of patients ( 44 – 46 ).…”

Global trends and hotspots in the application of platelet-rich plasma in knee osteoarthritis: A bibliometric analysis from 2008 to 2022

“…KOA is a chronic wear and tear disease that is essentially the result of a metabolic imbalance between the synthesis and breakdown of the articular cartilage matrix. [26] Its common presenting clinical symptoms include joint swelling, pain, and functional impairment. [27] Its pathological features include degeneration of articular cartilage and meniscus, [28,29] degeneration or sclerosis of the subchondral bone capsule, [30] osteophytes at the joint edges, inflammatory synovial lesions, [31] inflammation and fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad, [32,33] joint capsule contracture, ligament contracture or laxity, and muscle atrophy and weakness.…”

The impact of Yoga on patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Exclusion criteria: (1) Studies with incomplete data. (2) The data is presented in the form of a graph. (3) Incomplete description of the trial protocol.…”

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by the degeneration and damage of joint cartilage, often accompanied by joint pain and stiffness. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which is the most common type of OA, has a higher incidence in females than males [ 1 , 2 ]. It is more prevalent among individuals with unhealthy lifestyles and obesity.…”