Research progress on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the activation of PRRs-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit influenza pneumonia

Abstract

Influenza pneumonia has challenged public health and social development. One of the hallmarks of severe influenza pneumonia is overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which result from the continuous activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway, mediated by the interplay between viruses and host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It has been reported that traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) can not only inhibit viral replication and inflammatory responses but also affect the expression of key components of PRRs and NF-κB signaling pathways. However, whether the antiviral and anti-inflammatory roles of TCM are related with its effects on NF-κB signaling pathway activated by PRRs remains unclear. Here, we reviewed the mechanism of PRRs-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathway following influenza virus infection and summarized the influence of anti-influenza TCMs on inflammatory responses and the PRRs/NF-κB signaling pathway, so as to provide better understanding of the mode of action of TCMs in the treatment of influenza pneumonia.

Novel Targets for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Focus On Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Compounds, volume II

“…Studies have found that inflammation and oxidative stress also play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (Cameli et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2023). Hence, to evaluate the…”

“…Subsequent studies demonstrated that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway promoted polarization of macrophages in COPD from M1 to M2 phenotypes. The ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages following monocyte polarization has been linked to various inflammatory diseases (Zhang et al, 2023), and an elevated ratio of M2 macrophages has been implicated in lung inflammation (Lu et al, 2017). Neutrophil infiltration in the submucous membrane of the airway is the main driver of airway inflammation in COPD and is regulated by helper T cells 17 (Th17) and macrophages.…”

Research progress of NF-κB signaling pathway and thrombosis

“…LSW is a classic proprietary Chinese medicine with antiinflammatory and analgesic effects (105). Its main components are cow gallstone, musk secretion, toad secretion, pearl shell, realgar, and borneol (106). In PR8-infected cells, LSW significantly down-regulated the expression levels of IL-1b, TNFa, IL-6, and IFN-g.…”