Research Progress on the detection methods of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes clinical syndromes typified as reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory diseases in piglets. PRRSV remains one of the most prevalent pathogens affecting the pig industry, because of its complex infection profile and highly heterogeneous genetic and recombination characteristics. Therefore, a rapid and effective PRRSV detection method is important for the prevention and control of PRRS. With extensive in-depth research on PRRSV detection methods, many detection methods have been improved and promoted. Laboratory methods include techniques based on virus isolation (VI), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA), immunoperoxidase monolayer assays (IPMA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and other methods. This study reviews the latest research on improving the main PRRSV detection methods and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is the preferred method for assessing immune responses following vaccination and evaluating the dynamics of PRRSV antibodies over time. This confirms early PRRSV infection and enables the differentiation between antibodies induced by wild-type strains and vaccines (Pan et al, 2023 ). Cai et al ( 2009 ) developed a PRRSV antigen-capture ELISA method using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have been extensively characterized against North American and European PRRSV N proteins.…”

Development and Implementation of a Quadruple RT-qPCR Method for the Identification of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strains

“…Various detection methods are available for the detection and diagnosis of PRRSV infection, such as PCR, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and antibody detection [ 23 ]. Among them, PCR is the most commonly used method for detecting PRRSV, followed by sequencing to analyze genome characteristics [ 24 ].…”

Development of a one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

“…These methods include viral culture for isolating and identifying PRRSV in samples suspected of harboring the virus, ELISA for detecting PRRSV-specific antibodies, and PCR-based methods for directly identifying PRRSV. However, each method has its own strengths and limitations, as discussed below [29,[47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

“…Experimentally, these methods can be categorized into virus culture, antibody-based methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assays, immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, and methods targeting specific PRRSV genes. Moreover, genetic testing methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), such as reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), digital PCR, and next-generation sequencing have gained interest [ 19 , 29 – 31 ]. Among these diagnostic methods, detecting viral RNA in whole blood using RT-qPCR is the most powerful and simple.…”