Research Progress on the Correlation between the Intestinal Microbiota and Food Allergy

Abstract

The increasing incidence of food allergy is becoming a substantial public health concern. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota play a part in the development of food allergy. Additionally, the application of probiotics to correct gut microbiota imbalances and regulate food allergy has become a research hotspot. However, the mechanism by which the gut microbiota regulates food allergy and the efficacy of probiotics are still in the preliminary exploration stage, and there are no clear and specific conclusions. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding the immune mechanism underlying food allergy, the correlation between the intestinal microbiota and food allergy, a detailed description of causation, and mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota regulates food allergy. Subsequently, we highlight how probiotics modulate the gut microbiome–immune axis to alleviate food allergy. This study will contribute to the dovetailing of bacterial therapeutics with immune system in allergic individuals to prevent food allergy and ameliorate food allergy symptoms.

Enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies: a focus on digestive disorders and systemic toxicity in children

“…Intestinal immune cells are mostly reserved in the gutassociated lymphoid tissues. However, a diverse array of immune cells (both, the innate and the adaptive immune system) are also present in the lamina propria and the layer of epithelial cells forming mucosa which is colonized by symbiotic gut microbiota (49)(50)(51). This provides easy communication signaling between gut microbiota and immune cells supporting the healthy microbiota balance and correct immunoreactivity and preventing dysbiosis and allergic reactions to food components which may damage the gut epithelial barrier and promote the expansion of pathogenic microflora.…”

“…Prebiotics (nondigestible fibers that feed beneficial gut bacteria) and probiotics (live beneficial bacteria) can help maintain a balanced gut microbiota. These supplements have been explored as potential interventions to reduce the risk of food allergies, although more research is needed to determine their effectiveness (49,50). Breast milk contains beneficial microbes and prebiotic compounds that support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria in infants.…”

“…Breast milk contains beneficial microbes and prebiotic compounds that support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria in infants. Breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of food allergies, likely due to its positive impact on the infant's gut microbiota (49). Certain microbial metabolites, such as shortchain fatty acids, have immunomodulatory effects.…”

Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay for Competitive Detection of Crustacean Allergen Tropomyosin Using Phage-Displayed Shark Single-Domain Antibody

“…2 Approximately 10% of children and 4% of adults worldwide are afflicted by food allergies. 3 Food allergies commonly result in symptoms such as diarrhea, pruritus, hives, facial and oral tissue swelling, and in severe cases, breathing difficulties, anaphylactic shock, and potentially life-threatening complications. 4 The Food and Drug Administration's report identifies milk, eggs, fish, crustaceans, nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans as the top eight allergens, responsible for over 90% of food allergies.…”

“…The prevalence of food allergies was steadily increasing, presenting a significant concern for global food safety and public health . Approximately 10% of children and 4% of adults worldwide are afflicted by food allergies . Food allergies commonly result in symptoms such as diarrhea, pruritus, hives, facial and oral tissue swelling, and in severe cases, breathing difficulties, anaphylactic shock, and potentially life-threatening complications .…”