Research Progress on Multilayer‐Structured Polymer‐Based Dielectric Nanocomposites for Energy Storage

Abstract

The demand for a new generation of high‐energy‐density dielectric materials in the field of capacitive energy storage is promoted by the rise of high‐power applications in electronic devices and electrical systems. Polymer‐based dielectric nanocomposites with ultrahigh charge–discharge rates and power densities play essential roles in energy storage. Recently, multilayer structure polymer‐based dielectric nanocomposites (MSPBDNs) with improved dielectric constant, breakdown constant, and discharged energy density have gained widespread interest because of their immense potential. In the present work, MSPBDNs are classified, depending on the nature of the interlayer, into those with a high insulation layer, a high dielectric layer, and a gradient structure. To further understand the breakdown process of MSPBDNs, the authors elaborate on multilayer‐structured models, analysis breakdown mechanisms, and simulations. Despite the great progress achieved, the field of developing a novel topological structure remains open to further investigation and optimization. In addition, the research prospects and directions of energy storage fields are briefly discussed and summarized.

Computational Simulation for Breakdown and Energy Storage Performances with Optimization in Polymer Dielectrics

“…Generally, the approximation accuracy of Shape Function Interpolation increases with the order, so the number of unit control points and Gaussian Quadrature points also increase. The FEM can solve for the electric field distribution of the polymer dielectric to guide the microstructure, [93] for example, by setting the upper electrode to potential and the under electrode to ground, while imposing a second type of Neumann boundary condition on the transverse structure, written as:…”

“…Generally, the approximation accuracy of Shape Function Interpolation increases with the order, so the number of unit control points and Gaussian Quadrature points also increase. The FEM can solve for the electric field distribution of the polymer dielectric to guide the microstructure, [ 93 ] for example, by setting the upper electrode to potential and the under electrode to ground, while imposing a second type of Neumann boundary condition on the transverse structure, written as: $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\frac{{\partial \phi }}{{\partial \widehat n}} = 0}\end{array} \]$$where n is the unit outer normal vector and φ is the potential waiting to be solved. If the solution region satisfies the electrostatic field condition, then φ satisfies the Laplace equation: $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\Delta ^2}\phi = 0}\end{array} \]$$…”

Improved energy storage performance of sandwich-structured P(VDF-HFP)-based nanocomposites by the addition of inorganic nanoparticles

“…S1 (ESI†), thus the U d of a nonlinear polymer dielectric can be measured as: , and the efficiency is: η = U d /( U d + U l ), where D is electrical displacement and U l is energy loss. 7 According to the above formula, the U d of polymer dielectric materials is closely related to the ε r and E . Based on the above reasons, enhancing the properties of polymer-based nanocomposites through adding nanofillers with high permittivity has been extensively studied.…”

Largely enhanced energy density of BOPP–OBT@CPP–BOPP sandwich-structured dielectric composites

“…11 In a multilayer configuration, the interfaces of each layer can boost Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization and impede the electrical breakdown path simultaneously, resulting in improvement of the dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and energy storage ability as well. 12 According to this theory, we designed a bilayer structured PET-acrylic resin/BaTiO 3 (BT) composite film whose dielectric constant increased by about 26% at 60 vol% BT loading compared with the pristine PET film. 13 Wang et al 14 reported sandwich-structured dielectric nanocomposites whose middle ''hard layer'' with 1 vol% BT@PVDF improved the breakdown strength and two outer ''soft layers'' with 10-50 vol% BT@PVDF provided a high dielectric constant.…”