Since the 1990s, there has been a vigorous development of computer technology, high-energy beam technology, CAD/CAM, and mechanical engineering, which has led to the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing technology. Consequently, additive manufacturing has gradually emerged as the foremost advanced production technology within the realm of material forming [1] . Additive manufacturing, as a precision forming technique, is fundamentally rooted in computer-aided model design and relies on high-energy beams as heat sources to metallurgically liquefy metal powder or wire,