Research Progress of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NSP2 Protein

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is globally prevalent and seriously harms the economic efficiency of pig farming. Because of its immunosuppression and high incidence of mutant recombination, PRRSV poses a great challenge for disease prevention and control. Nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) is the most variable functional protein in the PRRSV genome and can generate NSP2N and NSP2TF variants due to programmed ribosomal frameshifts. These variants are broad and complex in function and play key roles in numerous aspects of viral protein maturation, viral particle assembly, regulation of immunity, autophagy, apoptosis, cell cycle and cell morphology. In this paper, we review the structural composition, programmed ribosomal frameshift and biological properties of NSP2 to facilitate basic research on PRRSV and to provide theoretical support for disease prevention and control and therapeutic drug development.

Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

“…Secondly, recombination between vaccine and wild strains could potentially enhance virulence. Although rare, this could lead to vaccinated individuals experiencing more severe pathological symptoms than expected or the spread of new, more harmful virus strains within swine herd [ 69 ]. In summary, the discovery of recombinant ASFV strains has reshaped our understanding and introduced new challenges to vaccine development.…”