Research Progress of PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling Pathway Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma is a common renal malignancy of the urinary system and the most malignant type of kidney cancer. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is an intracellular phosphatidylinositol kinase associated with oncogene products such as v-src and with serine/threonine kinase activity, and its increased activity correlates with the development of several cancers. Protein kinase B (AKT) is a cyclic guanosine phosphate-dependent protein kinase that plays an important role in cell survival and apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a newly discovered oncogene in recent years, participates in tumorigenesis and development by competing with tyrosine kinases for common substrates. The product encoded by PTEN was found to negatively regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway has also been identified in several studies as being involved in the development of several malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma. Radiotherapy is currently one of the most effective means of treatment for renal cell carcinoma, whereas it is predisposed to significant tolerance during the course of radiotherapy, thereby leading to treatment failure. Therefore, new treatment options may potentiate the efficiency of renal cell carcinoma treatment. With the development of tumor molecular biology, targeted biological therapy for malignant tumors has gradually become a research hotspot. Given the above research background, this study reviews the application of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma, aiming to provide more references for the treatment of clinical renal cell carcinoma.

Recent progress in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer

“…PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), which was recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene with bispecific phosphatase activity, is also a gene that is second only to the P53 gene in its close relationship to carcinogenesis and plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, and infiltration (Liu et al, 2022;Fang et al, 2022). PTEN is frequently inactivated in various malignancies, such as brain, prostate, endometrial, gastric cancers and NSCLC, and clinical data have suggested that PTEN loss of function occurs in 10%-25% of NSCLC cases (Liu et al, 2022).…”

“…Furthermore, evidence suggests that the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributes to cancer therapeutic resistance, including resistance to conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy and agents targeting other oncogenic drivers. Drug resistance may be efficiently reduced by inhibiting PI3K/ AKT signaling (Fang et al, 2022). PTEN can also affect tumor proliferation and migration through other pathways.…”

Retracted: Research Progress of PI3K/PTEN/AKT Signaling Pathway Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”