Research Progress of Natural Active Substances with Uric-Acid-Reducing Activity

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the accumulation of uric acid in the body. Allopurinol, benzbromarone, and febuxostat, which are available in the market, have reduced the circulating urate levels; however, they exhibit serious side effects. Therefore, it is reasonable to develop a new active antihyperuricemia drug with few side effects. With the deepening of research, numerous kinds of literature have shown that natural active substances are effective in the treatment of hyperuricemia with a variety of sources and few side effects, which have become the focus of research in recent years. This review focuses on natural active substances with uric-acid-reducing activity and discusses their pharmacological effects. More specifically, the bioactive compounds of natural active substances are divided into five categories: natural extracts, monomer compounds extracted from plants, natural protease hydrolysates, peptides, and probiotic bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms by which these bioactive compounds exhibit hypouricemic effects can be divided into four classes: inhibition of key enzyme activities, promotion of uric acid excretion and inhibition of reabsorption in the kidney, promotion of decomposing uric acid precursors, and promotion of decomposing uric acid. Overall, this current and comprehensive review examines the role of natural active substances in the treatment of hyperuricemia.

Anti-hyperuricemia bioactive peptides: a review on obtaining, activity, and mechanism of action

“…Some of these peptides exhibit uric acid-lowering effects, although research on these peptides is still in its nascent stage. 1,24 In addition, the different ways in which a meal is processed (fermented, hot and cold processed) can also affect its purine content. For example, fresh and freeze-dried shiitake mushrooms have a much lower purine content than naturally sundried ones.…”

“…17,18 Studies indicate that specific food protein-derived peptides play a pivotal role in regulating SUA levels. 24 Dipeptides and tripeptides, compared to standard proteins and amino acids, exhibit heightened bioavailability owing to their reduced hyperosmolarity. Consequently, short-chain peptides manifest enhanced cellular absorption due to dimin-ished osmotic pressure differentials.…”

Whey Protein Peptide Pro-Glu-Trp Ameliorates Hyperuricemia by Enhancing Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion, Modulating the Gut Microbiota, and Protecting the Intestinal Barrier in Rats

“…In recent years, natural active substances (eg., polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and peptides) have attracted a lot of interest from researchers for their potential in alleviating chronic diseases such as HUA, hypertension, and diabetes and as alternatives to drugs. , In contrast, bioactive peptides derived from food proteins are associated with fewer adverse effects, easy absorption, and high specificity . The novel peptide RDP1 (AAAAGAKAR, 785.91 Da) reduced serum UA levels by inhibiting the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity .…”

Exploration of novel non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors based on oxadiazolones by an integrated simulation study

“…Gout, a metabolic disorder primarily attributed to abnormalities in purine metabolism and/or impaired uric acid excretion, 1 has witnessed a consistent global surge in incidence over recent years. 2,3 Uric acid in the body is produced primarily by normal cellular metabolism, 4 whereas excessive production or insufficient excretion of uric acid can lead to an excess of serum uric acid (SUA) 5 and then result in an unhealthy condition of hyperuricemia (HUA). 6 As it worsens, the accumulation of sodium urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues leads to ongoing inflammation that triggers gout.…”