Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 in Malignant Tumors

Abstract

With completing the whole genome sequencing project, awareness of lncRNA further deepened. The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) was initially identified in growth-inhibiting cells. GAS5 is a lncRNA (long non-coding RNA), and it plays a crucial role in various human cancers. There are small ORFs (open reading frames) in the exons of the GAS5 gene sequence, but they do not encode functional proteins. In addition, GAS5 is also the host gene of several small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA). These snoRNAs are believed to play a suppressive role during tumor progression by methylating ribosomal RNA (rRNA). As a result, GAS5 expression levels in tumor tissues are significantly reduced, leading to increased malignancy, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that GAS5 can interact with miRNAs by base-pairing and other functional proteins to inhibit their biological functions, impacting signaling pathways and changing the level of intracellular autophagy, oxidative stress, and immune cell function in vivo. In addition, GAS5 participates in regulating proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through the above molecular mechanisms. This article reviews the recent discoveries on GAS5, including its expression levels in different tumors, its biological behavior, and its molecular regulation mechanism in human cancers. The value of GAS5 as a molecular marker in the prevention and treatment of cancers is also discussed.

Block Copolymer Nanomicelle-Encapsulated Curcumin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia Injury and Affects Stem Cell Marker Expression by Inhibiting lncRNA GAS5

“…This was similar to previous reports that curcumin and lncRNA GAS5 can promote cell survival [20][21][22]. Expression levels of GAS5 in various tumors have been studied [16]. However, adding curcumin while overexpressing the lncRNA GAS5 made this effect disappear.…”

“…Moreover, highly expressed GAS5 is not only associated with an increased risk of IS but also promotes neuronal apoptosis after cerebral infarction [14,15]. GAS5 plays a critical role in various human cancers [16]. However, the effect of curcumin on lncRNA GAS5 is rarely reported.…”

The Long Noncoding RNA Gm9866/Nuclear Factor-κB Axis Promotes Macrophage Polarization

“…They found that negative pressure treatment after M. tuberculosis infection promoted macrophage polarization to proinflammatory M1 phenotype by regulating the long noncoding RNA XIST/micro-RNA-125b-5p/A20/nuclear factor- κ B axis [ 38 ]. Most transcripts of the human genome sequence are composed of noncoding RNAs, one of which is long noncoding RNA [ 39 ]. Although several long noncoding RNAs related to macrophages have been reported in recent years, many long noncoding RNAs related to macrophages are yet to be explored.…”

Multi-omics analysis of the Indian ovarian cancer cohort revealed histotype-specific mutation and gene expression patterns

“…In the splice events observed, most spliced genes were lncRNAs SNHG2 (GAS5) and SNHG17, considering its non-coding function was an interesting finding. Splice forms alter the oncogenic and tumour role of GAS5 in malignant tumours ( Lin et al, 2022 ), and the role of non-coding RNA, SNHG17 in ovarian cancer needs to be investigated. ADAM15 splice events showed retention of residues Y715 and Y735 of the cytoplasmic tail, to facilitate motility and in turn proliferation.…”