Research Progress of Gel Foam Extinguishing Agent in Coal Mines

Zhang, Yan; Tian, Zhaojun; Ye, Qing; Lu, Yi

doi:10.3390/fire6120470

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Typically, an underground explosion causes a fire and, conversely, an endogenous fire can ignite and detonate methane. In order to predict the possible explosion of a mixture of methane and air in a coal mine, technological mining development systems and bed ventilation systems are put into operation [54,55]. Drainage systems are also used to drain excavated areas and to ensure reliable insulation of waste areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams

Sidorenko,

Trushnikov,

Sidorenko

2024

Sustainability

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Underground coal mining of gas-bearing coal seams is accompanied by the emission of large amounts of methane, which increases with depth. Coal seam methane is not only a major cause of major accidents in coal mines, but is also a greenhouse gas that has a significant negative impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. Analysis of the efficiency of underground coal mining suggests that as the depth of mining increases, the productivity of a longwall decreases by a factor of 3–5 or more, while the specific volume of methane emitted increases manifold and the efficiency of methane management decreases. Effective management of coal seam methane can only be achieved by monitoring its content at key points in a system of workings. Monitoring of methane not only eliminates the risk of explosions, but also lets us assess the effectiveness of using methane management techniques and their parameters to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of methane management (including a methane drainage) for ensuring sustainable underground coal mining. The aim of this article is to develop a software and hardware complex for monitoring methane in a coal mine by creating a simulation model for monitoring methane. The Arduino Uno board and the methane sensor MQ-4 were used for this purpose. In this article, the causes of methane emissions in coal mines, gas control systems, the structure of the mine monitoring system, and the causes of risks and occurrence of accidents in coal mines are considered. As a result of the work, the mathematical model of the methane measurement sensor was developed; the Arduino Uno board developed a simulation system for methane monitoring; and the numerical results of the research are presented in the graphs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams

Sidorenko,

Trushnikov,

Sidorenko

2024

Sustainability

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“…Foam fire extinguishing agents have excellent fire extinguishing performance and are the most common type of fire extinguishing agent in fire rescue teams, petrochemical enterprises, and substations. According to the classification of different fire extinguishing objects, there are mainly synthetic foam extinguishing agents used to extinguish solid fire, and fluoroprotein and water-formed foam extinguishing agents used to extinguish oil fire [1][2][3][4]. The aqueous film-forming foam solution (AFFF) takes a fluorine surfactant as the main raw material, and also includes a hydrocarbon surfactant, a foam stabilizer, antifreeze, and other additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Heat Transfer Mode on the Stability of Foam Extinguishing Agents

Zhou,

An,

Liu

et al. 2024

Fire

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The mass loss mechanisms of an aqueous film-forming foam (AF foam), an AR/AFFF water-soluble film-forming foam extinguishing agent (AR foam), and a Class A foam extinguishing agent (A foam) at different levels of thermal radiation, thermal convection, and heat conduction intensity were studied. At a relatively low thermal radiation intensity, the liquid separation rate of the AF, AR, and A foams is related to the properties of the foam itself, such as viscosity and surface/interface tension, which are relatively independent of the external radiation heat flux of the foam. At low radiation intensity (15 kW/m2 and 25 kW/m2), the liquid separation rate of the AF and A foams is relatively stable. When the heat flux intensity is 35 kW/m2, the liquid separation rate of the AF and A foams increases notably, which may be mainly due to the rapid decrease in foam viscosity. And the mass loss behavior is dominated by liquid separation in the AF, AR, and A foams under the influence of thermal radiation and thermal convection. Under the same experimental conditions, the liquid separation rate of AF is the fastest. There is no significant difference in the evaporation rates of the three kinds of foam in the same heat conduction condition. In addition, the AR and A foams usually have a 25% longer liquid separation time (t) under thermal radiation and thermal convection, and the thermal stability is better than AF foam. The temperature reached by the AF foam layer under thermal convection was lower than that of the AR and A foams, and the time for the foam layer to reach the highest temperature under heat conduction was longer than that of the AR and A foams.

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Preparation and characterization of highly stable double-crosslinked gel foam for inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion

Zhao,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2024

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Research Progress of Gel Foam Extinguishing Agent in Coal Mines

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams

Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams

The Influence of the Heat Transfer Mode on the Stability of Foam Extinguishing Agents

Preparation and characterization of highly stable double-crosslinked gel foam for inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion

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