Research progress in liquid cooling technologies to enhance the thermal management of LIBs

Zhou, Rui; Chen, Yumei; Zhang, Jiawen; Guo, Pan

doi:10.1039/d3ma00299c

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…They offer tailored solutions for heat dissipation, balancing safety and environmental considerations. The integration of advanced materials like nano-enhanced PCM and liquid cooling technologies has significantly improved their efficiency and scalability [15]. These systems are designed to adapt to various operational conditions, ensuring optimal performance while minimizing environmental impact.…”

Section: Classifications and Characteristics Of Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Review of Thermal Management Systems for BESS

Mdachi,

Choong-koo

2024

Batteries

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The integration of renewable energy sources necessitates effective thermal management of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to maintain grid stability. This study aims to address this need by examining various thermal management approaches for BESS, specifically within the context of Virtual Power Plants (VPP). It evaluates the effectiveness, safety features, reliability, cost-efficiency, and appropriateness of these systems for VPP applications. Among the various hybrid cooling options, two notably promising combinations are highlighted. First, the integration of heat pipes with phase change materials, which effectively conduct heat away from sources with minimal temperature differences, enabling swift heat transfer. Second, the combination of heat pipes with liquid passive cooling, which utilizes the efficient heat transfer properties of heat pipes and the steady cooling offered by liquid systems. This study offers recommendations for choosing the best thermal management system based on climate conditions and geographic location, thereby enhancing BESS performance and sustainability within VPPs.

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Section: Classifications and Characteristics Of Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Review of Thermal Management Systems for BESS

Mdachi,

Choong-koo

2024

Batteries

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“…Although integrating a PCM with liquid cooling as a hybrid thermal management seems to yield good outcomes, Zhou, et al [47] noted that the use of PCMs increases the overall weight of the battery pack and raises other battery safety concerns, especially regarding fire risks. Over the past few years, there has been a concerted effort to mitigate PCM flammability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Wang,

Leong

2024

Energies

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The significant amount of heat generated during the discharge process of a lithium-ion battery can lead to battery overheat, potential damage, and even fire hazards. The optimal operating temperature of a battery ranges from 25 °C to 45 °C. Hence, battery thermal management cooling techniques are crucial for controlling battery temperature. In this work, the cooling of 21700 lithium-ion batteries during their discharging processes using phase-change materials (PCMs) and porous pure copper foams were simulated. The effects of discharge intensities, battery orientations, and battery arrangements were investigated by observing the changes in temperature distributions. Based on current simulations for a 2C discharge, air-cooled vertical batteries arranged in unidirectional configuration exhibit an increase in heat dissipation by 44% in comparison to the horizontal batteries. This leads to a decrease in the maximum battery temperature by about 10 °C. The use of either PCMs or copper foams can effectively cool the batteries. Regardless of the battery orientation, the maximum battery temperature during a 2C discharge drops dramatically from approximately 90 °C when air-cooled to roughly 40 °C when the air is replaced by PCM cooling or when inserted with a copper foam of 0.9 porosity. If the PCM/copper foam approach is implemented, this maximum temperature further decreases to slightly above 30 °C. Although not very significant, it has been discovered that crossover arrangement slightly reduces the maximum temperature by no more than 1 °C. When a pure copper foam with a porosity ranging from 0.90 to 0.97 is saturated with a PCM, the excellent thermal conductivity of pure copper, combined with the PCM latent heat absorption, can best help maintain the battery pack within its range of optimal operating temperatures. If the porosity of the copper foam decreases from 0.95 to 0.5, the volumetric average temperature of the batteries may increase from 30 °C to 31 °C.

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“…However, with advancement in battery energy density, stricter temperature control requirements for batteries have emerged. Liquid cooling remains the mainstream method for heat dissipation to date . Under the same flow channels and power consumption, the temperature of liquid cooling BTM module is lower, ensuring better temperature uniformity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid cooling remains the mainstream method for heat dissipation to date. 27 Under the same flow channels and power consumption, the temperature of liquid cooling BTM module is lower, ensuring better temperature uniformity. 28 The direct cooling of battery packs using refrigerants has emerged as a new cooling solution in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Refrigerant Cooling in a Battery Thermal Management System under High Temperature Conditions: A Review

Kang,

Hu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Battery thermal management (BTM) is crucial for the lifespan and safety of batteries. Refrigerant cooling is a novel cooling technique that is being used gradually. As the core fluid of refrigerant cooling, refrigerants need to possess excellent properties while meeting environmental requirements. This paper elucidates the current state of refrigerants (single refrigerants and mixed refrigerants), synchronously summarizing them from the perspectives of refrigerant properties and refrigerant cooling (immersion and cold plate indirect). It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of single and mixed refrigerants as well as the research and development in the vehicle thermal management system (TMS). The choice of refrigerant directly affects cooling performance, and research on vehicle air conditioning (AC) systems can indirectly guide the BTM. R1234yf and R152a can directly replace R134a, while although R744 has a strong heating capacity, it cannot directly replace R134a. Specific mixed refrigerants reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and flammability issues, thereby improving system efficiency. Additionally, immersion cooling controls the temperature through container pressure. Coordinated control strategies are crucial for indirect cold plate cooling, offering broad prospects for optimizing the cold plate design and intelligent control. The selection of refrigerant and the optimal design of the cooling method greatly improve the thermal performance of the battery. This may promote the good development of BTM.

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Research progress in liquid cooling technologies to enhance the thermal management of LIBs

Cited by 8 publications

References 188 publications

Comparative Review of Thermal Management Systems for BESS

Comparative Review of Thermal Management Systems for BESS

Analysis of Thermal Management Strategies for 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Phase Change Materials and Porous Copper Foam with Different Battery Orientations

Application of Refrigerant Cooling in a Battery Thermal Management System under High Temperature Conditions: A Review

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