Research progress in cytokines with chemokine-like function

Zhang, Kai; Shi, Shuang; Han, Wenling

doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.121

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Cytokines, as endogenous mediators of the immune system that control the occurrence of inflammatory reaction ( Jiang et al, 2019 ). When there is acute toxicity (such as toxin metabolism), the levels of IL-6, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor and other inflammatory factors increase ( Zhang et al, 2018 ). The intestinal barrier does not only protect the deeper layers of the intestinal wall, but also tightly regulates the passage of pro-inflammatory molecules, microorganisms, toxins, and antigens ( Farré et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

et al. 2022

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This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from Ageratina adenophora and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of Bacillus toyonensis and were named Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 106Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 106Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 106Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and reducing beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) in mice (P < 0.05). However, the administration of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from A. adenophora could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

et al. 2022

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“…Cytokines are endogenous mediators of the immune system that play major roles in controlling the occurrences of inflammatory reaction [ 53 ]. For instance, in cases of acute toxicity (such as toxin metabolism), the levels of IL-6, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor, and other inflammatory factors increase dramatically [ 54 ]. The intestinal barrier of mammals performs both protective (the deeper layers of the intestinal wall) and regulatory (tightly regulates the passage of pro-inflammatory molecules, microorganisms, toxins, and antigens) roles to promote their intestinal structure and integrity [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Cui

Okyere

Gao

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ageratina adenophora on the intestines morphology and integrity in rat. Rats were randomly divided into two groups and were fed with 10 g/100 g body weight (BW) basal diet and 10 g/100 g BW experimental diet, which was a mixture of A. adenophora powder and basal diet in a 3:7 ratio. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days. At days 28 and 60 of the experiment, eight rats/group/timepoint were randomly selected, weighed, and sacrificed, then blood and intestinal tissues were collected and stored for further analysis. The results showed that Ageratina adenophora caused pathological changes and injury in the intestine, elevated serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-LA), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, reduced occludin levels in intestinal tissues, as well as increased the count of intraepithelial leukocytes (IELs) and lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) in the intestine (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In addition, the mRNA and protein (ELISA) expressions of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-ϒ) were elevated in the Ageratina adenophora treatment groups, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 were reduced (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Therefore, the results obtained in this study indicated that Ageratina adenophora impaired intestinal function in rats by damaging the intestine structure and integrity, and also triggered an inflammation immune response that led to intestinal immune barrier dysfunction.

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“…IGF‐1 is a proliferative and chondrogenic redifferentiation factor with the potential to repair and regenerate cartilage defects; its levels decrease following cartilage damage. KLF1 promotes the inflammation and deterioration of chondrocytes [25], and BMP‐2 accelerates bone repair in some orthopedic diseases, although its level is generally reduced [26]. We measured the expression levels of IL‐1β, IGF‐1, CKLF1, and BMP following Bcl‐xL knockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bcl‐xL expression following articular cartilage injury and its effects on the biological function of chondrocytes

Pan

Yin

Wang

et al. 2020

Engineering in Life Sciences

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This study aimed to investigate the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) in cartilage tissues following articular cartilage injury and to determine its effects on the biological function of chondrocytes. A total of 25 necrotic cartilage tissue samples and 25 normal tissue samples were collected from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis at our hospital from December 2015 to December 2018. The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-xL, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the normal and necrotic tissues were examined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their protein expression levels were detected via western blotting. The expression levels of Bcl-xL, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) were significantly lower but those of caspase-3, MMP-3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) levels were markedly higher in necrotic cartilage tissues than in normal tissues. Following cell transfection, the expression levels of Bcl-xL, IGF-1, and BMP were remarkably higher but those of caspase-3, MMP-3, IL-1β, and CKLF1 were notably lower in the Si-Bcl-xL group than in the NC group. The Si-Bcl-xL group showed significantly lower cell growth and noticeably higher apoptosis rate than the NC group (normal control group). The expression of Bcl-xL is reduced following articular cartilage injury, and this reduction promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Therefore, Bcl-xL could serve as a relevant molecular target in the clinical practice of osteoarthritis and other diseases causing cartilage damage.

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Research progress in cytokines with chemokine-like function

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

Bcl‐xL expression following articular cartilage injury and its effects on the biological function of chondrocytes

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