Research on Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Ruminants: Past, Present and Future

Chen, X. B.; Ørskov, E. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2844-1_21

Cited by 94 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…However, those values were similar to numerous studies that earlier showed that PD excretion per kg of DOMI was about 2-5 times lower in buffaloes than in cattle (5 vs 18 mmol PD/kg DOMI). It is suggested that a possible difference was the partitioning of plasma PD between renal excretion and non-renal disposal and that a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in buffaloes may explain part of the difference (Chen and Ørskov 2003). Later, Vo and Ørskov (2006) have clearly shown that the difference in urinary PD excretion occurs only after rumen development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (Ananas Comosus linn. Mer.) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets, on digestion, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing, male, Thai swamp buffaloes

Jetana

Suthikrai

Usawang

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Four, male, growing Thai swamp buffaloes (197 +/- 5.3 kg and all 1 year old) were used to evaluate the effects of concentrate added to pineapple waste silage in differing ratios, to form a complete diet, studying in vivo digestion, the rate of passage, microbial protein synthesis and blood metabolites. Animals were fed ad libitum with 4 diets, using four combinations of pineapple waste silage (P) and concentrate (C), in the proportions (on a dry matter basis) of 0.8:0.2 (P80:C20), 0.6:0.4 (P60:C40), 0.4:0.6 (P40:C60) and 0.2:0.8 (P20:C80). The results showed that the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), the N-balance, urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion, the ratios of allantoin to creatinine (CR), PD to CR, the plasma urea-N (PUN) and insulin increased in the animals, but the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the coefficient of whole tract, apparent digestibility of NDF, the transit time (TT) and the mean retention time (TMRT) decreased, when the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased. This study indicated that the proportion of P40:C60 in the diet produced the best efficiency of urinary PD excretion (mmol) per digestible OM intake (kg DOMI).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (Ananas Comosus linn. Mer.) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets, on digestion, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing, male, Thai swamp buffaloes

Jetana

Suthikrai

Usawang

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The difference could be due to differences in buffalo breeds used, the enzyme activities, involved in degradation and utilisation of purine. It is generally known that xanthine and hypoxanthine in the urine were not presented in high amounts in SB (Chen and Ørskov 2003). Others can suspect that MB might have a greater ability to recycle PD in the blood and other tissues which degrade uric acid and allantoin into other metabolites, prior to their excretion in the urine than SB might have.…”

Section: Mimosine and Dhp Excretion In The Urinementioning

confidence: 97%

A comparative study on mimosine, 3,4-dihydroxy pyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3-dihydroxy pyridone (2,3-DHP), purine derivatives (PD) excretion in the urine, thyroid hormone and blood metabolites profiles of Thai swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Jetana

Thongruay

Uswang

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Four Thai swamp buffaloes (SB) and four Murrah buffaloes (MB) fed a based diet of fresh ruzi grass (Bachiaria ruziziensis) with an increased proportion of fresh leucaena leaves. Intake of nutrients in animals increased when ruzi grass was mixed with leucaena. Digestibility of nutrients were the highest in SB and MB fed diets containing 25% and 50% of leucaena, respectively, and nitrogen (N) balances in both animal breeds were varied among diets. The regression equation coefficient of mimosine + DHP in the urine was twice as high in SB than in MB. Urinary purine derivatives excretion rate in SB was higher than that in MB. Plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine declined in both animal breeds fed a diet containing >1 g mimosine intake/kg BW(0.75)/day. Plasma urea-N was the lowest in SB, but the highest in MB when fed a diet containing 84% of leucaena. Plasma β-HBA in SB have declined when diets contained >50% of leucaena but that in MB was not affected by any diet. In conclusion, the effect of leucaena in diet upon buffalo breeds depends on the proportion of leucaena in the diet, mimosine contents and condensed tannins components.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the urine purine derivative (PD) content can be effectively used as a non-invasive method to estimate intestinal flow of MCP from the rumen (Chen and Ørskov, 2003;Gonzalez-Ronquillo et al, 2003). concluded that the PD to CR ratio in spot urine samples correlates well with intestinal flow of microbial purines and can be used as a qualitative indicator of rumen MCP supply, independent of urine volume, thereby obviating the need for total urine collection.…”

Section: Potential Impacts Of Differences In Dietary Cp Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it has been reported that urinary AL makes up an almost constant molar proportion of total PD, uric acid was not analyzed in our study and AL concentrations in urine samples were corrected to total PD using a factor of 0.91 (Vagnoni and Broderick, 1997;Valadares et al, 1999;Gonzalez-Ronquillo et al, 2003;Reynal and Broderick, 2005;Moorby et al, 2006), which was used to determine the purine derivative to creatinine (PDC) index as described by Chen and Ørskov (2003), thereby correcting the PD:CR ratio for metabolic BW to allow comparison among cows. The PDC index (Table 4) follows the same pattern as the AL:CR ratio, increasing linearly (P<0.01) with higher CM inclusions, strongly suggesting that MCP yield was not negatively affected by the increasing level of RDP due to increasing levels of CM in the ration.…”

Section: Potential Impacts Of Differences In Dietary Cp Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the optimal ratio of canola meal and high protein dried distillers grain protein in diets of high producing Holstein dairy cows

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2014

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tUse of canola meal (CM) and dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as major supplemental protein sources are common practice in North American dairy rations and usage of both is projected to increase in the future. Since limited data is available on performance of cows fed diets with different ratios of CM and DDGS, our objective was to determine the optimal ratio of CM to DDGS protein in a contemporary lactation dairy ration by feeding combinations of CM and high protein DDG (HPDDG) to early lactation multiparity dairy cows. The experiment was a 4×4 Latin square with 28 d periods using four pens of ∼320 high producing cows/pen. Treatments were created by varying the amounts of CM and HPDDG added on a DM basis to be: (1) 0 g/kg CM and 200 g/kg HPDDG, (2) 65 g/kg CM and 135 g/kg HPDDG, (3) 135 g/kg CM and 65 g/kg HPDDG, (4) 200 g/kg CM and 0 g/kg HPDDG. Dry matter intake was not affected by the CM/HPDDG ratio in the ration. Milk and lactose yield, true protein (TP) content and yield, milk fat yield as well as milk energy output increased at a decreasing rate with a higher CM/HPDDG ratio. Maximum values for milk and TP yield were at ∼135 g/kg CM, while lactose, TP content and milk energy were maximized at ∼120 g/kg CM inclusion. Milk fat content and milk energy density decreased linearly with higher CM inclusion. Body condition score change responded quadratically with the highest gain at ∼120 g/kg CM inclusion. The purine derivative to creatinine index increased linearly with higher CM inclusion levels, suggesting that microbial protein production (MCP) was limited in the 0 g/kg CM ration and was progressively stimulated by higher feeding levels of CM. Plasma AA levels suggest that the reduction in lysine in dietary protein, together with the decrease in MCP production, resulted in a substantial reduction in lysine available for milk production, thereby limiting performance in the higher HPDDG ration. The only AA which decreased in plasma with higher CM feeding levels were phenylalanine, leucine and methionine. That the level of leucine in the plasma was still decreasing linearly, while methionine and phenylalanine responded quadratically at the 200 g/kg CM treatment, was interpreted to suggest that the leucine supply remained higher than its requirement at the highest CM Abbreviations: AA, amino acids; ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADICP, AD insoluble CP; AL, allantoin; aNDF, amylase-treated NDF; aNDFom, aNDF free of residual ash; AP, absorbable protein; BCS, body condition score; BUN, blood urea N; BW, body weight; CM, canola meal; CP, crude protein; CR, creatinine; DC305, DairyComp 305 management system; DDGS, dried distillers grains with solubles; DHIA, Dairy Herd Improvement Association; DIM, days in milk; DM, dry matter; EAA, essential AA; HPDDG, high protein DDG; MCP, microbial CP; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; NE L , net energy for lactation; OM, organic matter; PD, purine derivatives; PDC index, PD to creatinine index; RDP, rumen degradable CP; RUP, rumen undegradable CP; SCC, soma...

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Research on Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Ruminants: Past, Present and Future

Cited by 94 publications

References 135 publications

The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (Ananas Comosus linn. Mer.) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets, on digestion, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing, male, Thai swamp buffaloes

The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (Ananas Comosus linn. Mer.) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets, on digestion, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing, male, Thai swamp buffaloes

A comparative study on mimosine, 3,4-dihydroxy pyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3-dihydroxy pyridone (2,3-DHP), purine derivatives (PD) excretion in the urine, thyroid hormone and blood metabolites profiles of Thai swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Determining the optimal ratio of canola meal and high protein dried distillers grain protein in diets of high producing Holstein dairy cows

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