Research on Transmission Line Voltage Measurement Method of D-Dot Sensor Based on Gaussian Integral

Transient magnetic field sensors are used in various electromagnetic environment measurement scenarios. In this paper, a novel magnetic field sensor based on a digital integrator was developed. The antenna was a small B-DOT loop. It was designed optimally for the simulation. The magnetic field signal was digitally integrated with the improved Al-Alaoui algorithm, resulting in less integration error. To compensate for the bandwidth loss of the optical fiber system, we specially designed an FIR (finite impulse response) filter for frequency compensation. The circuit was described, and the transimpedance amplifier was specially designed to ensure the low noise characteristic of the receiver. The sensitivity of the sensor was calibrated at 68.2 A·m−1/mV, the dynamic range was 50 dB (1–300 kA/m), the linear correlation coefficient was 0.96, and the bandwidth was greater than 100 MHz. It was tested and verified under the action of an A-type lightning current. The sensor exhibited high-precision performance and flat amplitude-frequency characteristics. Therefore, it is suitable for lightning positioning, partial discharge testing, electromagnetic compatibility management, and other applications.

Section: Circuit Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Transient Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Digital Integration and Frequency Equalization

Ouyang

Yao

Chen

2021

“…Non-contact voltage measurement technology is of great significance in the internet of things, power electronics, and high voltage engineering [ 5 ]. At present, there are two main non-contact voltage sensing methods: photoelectric sensing and electric field coupling sensing [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Photoelectric sensing technology is based on the optical principle of voltage measurement [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on a Non-Contact Multi-Electrode Voltage Sensor and Signal Processing Algorithm

Zhang

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Traditional contact voltage measurement requires a direct electrical connection to the system, which is not easy to install and maintain. The voltage measurement based on the electric field coupling plate capacitance structure does not need to be in contact with the measured object or the ground, which can avoid the above problems. However, most of the existing flat-plate structure voltage measurement sensors are not only expensive to manufacture, but also bulky, and when the relative position between the wire under test and the sensor changes, it will bring great measurement errors, making it difficult to meet actual needs. Aiming to address the above problems, this paper proposes a multi-electrode array structure non-contact voltage sensor and signal processing algorithm. The sensor is manufactured by the PCB process, which effectively reduces the manufacturing cost and process difficulty. The experimental and simulation results show that, when the relative position of the wire and the sensor is offset by 10 mm in the 45° direction, the relative error of the traditional single-electrode voltage sensor is 17.62%, while the relative error of the multi-electrode voltage sensor designed in this paper is only 0.38%. In addition, the ratio error of the sensor under the condition of power frequency of 50 Hz is less than ±1% and the phase difference is less than 4°. The experimental results show that the sensor has good accuracy and linearity.

“…Although most publications related to field-source numerical integration problems have proposed many numerical integration methods and optimal schemes for reducing the measurement error, there is a lack of an effective comparison and evaluation concerning the accuracy and stability of various electric field integration algorithms. The literature mentioned above [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] selected different integration algorithms to compare the accuracy of the final measurement results. The current research does not discuss the possible error sources in actual applications and the influence of error propagation on the final voltage measurement results, resulting in the inability to optimize the numerical integration method for calculating the transmission line voltage from the sources of error, and the difficulties in practical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the numerical integration method is optimal for non-contact measurement of transmission line voltage. Wang et al proposed inverse calculation of the transmission line voltage using a D-dot sensor and Gauss numerical integration in 2018, and their experimental test results were reliable, with a relative error size of Sensors 2021, 21, 4340 2 of 15 below 0.5% [16,17]. However, this measurement was carried out under relatively ideal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electric Field Integral Voltage Measurement Method of Transmission Line Based on Error Transmission and Uncertainty Analysis

Fan

Guo

et al. 2021

Self Cite

Electric field numerical integration algorithms can realize the non-contact measurement of transmission line voltage effectively. Although there are many electric field numerical integration algorithms, lack of a comprehensive comparison of accuracy and stability among various algorithms results in difficulties in evaluating the measurement results of various algorithms. Therefore, this paper presents the G-L (Gauss–Legendre) algorithm, the I-G-L (improved Gauss–Legendre) algorithm, and the I-G-C (improved Gauss–Chebyshev) algorithm and proposes a unified error propagation model of the derived algorithms to assess the accuracy of each integration method by considering multiple error sources. Moreover, evaluation criteria for the uncertainty of transmission line voltage measurement are proposed to analyze the stability and reliability of these algorithms. A simulation model and experiment platform were then constructed to conduct error propagation and uncertainty analyses. The results show that the G-L algorithm had the highest accuracy and stability in the scheme with five integral nodes, for which the simulation error was 0.603% and the relative uncertainty was 2.130%. The I-G-L algorithm was more applicable due to the smaller number of integral nodes required, yet the algorithm was less stable in achieving the same accuracy as the G-L algorithm. In addition, the I-G-C algorithm was relatively less accurate and stable in voltage measurement.