Research on the Spatial–Temporal Synthetic Measurement of the Coordinated Development of Population-Economy-Society-Resource-Environment (PESRE) Systems in China Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Abstract

The issue of how to realize the coordinated development of various elements in human–land systems, or, in other words, how to achieve the coordinated development of population-economy-society-resource-environment (PESRE) systems, has become an important topic, which has received global attention. This study takes 31 provinces in China as the research objects, and carries out the research on the spatial–temporal synthetic measurement of the coordinated development of PESRE systems. The conclusions are as follows. From 1995 to 2015, the process of change of coupling coordination degree of China’s PESRE systems can be divided into two types: Rising first and then declining, and fluctuant continuously. The number of provinces of the first type was higher, and most provinces were on the verge of uncoordinated development status or in a weakly coordinated development status. The coupling degree of PESRE systems at the provincial level in China generally shows some positive spatial correlations, and the level of coordinated development displays some obvious spatial aggregation patterns. Moreover, the degree of such aggregation first increases and then weakens. The eastern parts of China represent the main “high-high” type aggregation regions. The central and western parts of China represent the main “low-low” types, account for the largest proportion, and display obvious aggregation characteristics.

Evaluation and countermeasures of sustainable development for urban energy‐economy‐environment system: A case study of Jinan in China

“…Based on the “3R” principle (reduce‐reuse‐recycle) of circular economy and references (Zang & Su, 2019; Lu et al, 2019; Wang, Zhao, Gong, & Ji, 2019), evaluation index system of urban system circulation level of Jinan is constructed, as shown in Table 3. Most of the data in Tables 2 and 3 are drawn from Jinan Statistical Yearbook (JMBS, 2018), and individual data are obtained through survey.…”

“…The research process is shown in Figure 1. Based on the "3R" principle (reduce-reuse-recycle) of circular economy and references (Zang & Su, 2019;Lu et al, 2019;Wang, Zhao, Gong, & Ji, 2019), evaluation index system of urban system circulation level of Jinan is constructed, as shown in Table 3. Most of the data in Tables 2 and 3…”

Spatiotemporal Change and Coordinated Development Analysis of “Population-Society-Economy-Resource-Ecology-Environment” in the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2015

“…As for the weighting methods, existing studies could be divided into subjective weighting methods, such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) [4,26,27] and the Delphi method [28], objective weighting methods, such as global principal component analysis [29] and the entropy method (EM) [30][31][32][33][34][35], and combined weighting methods, such as the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and the entropy method [36,37]. In general, subjective weighting methods have the advantage of considering the expert's experience while ignoring the information of the data themselves.…”

Sustainable Development in EU Countries in the Framework of the Europe 2020 Strategy

“…We chose different formulas for stimulating and non-stimulating factors [46], which take into account their specificities. where SVij represents the standardized value of xij; xij represents the actual value of the ith value in jth country; and max and min refer to the maximum and minimum value [47]. The evaluation and comparison of various indicators respecting countries to each other is an important issue in recent years [48].…”