Research on the Preparation of Wood Adhesive Active Fillers from Tannin-/Bentonite-Modified Corn Cob

Yang, Linfeng; Quan, Haiyang; Ji, Jiajun; Zhang, Haizhe; Sun, Fengwen

doi:10.3390/f15040604

Forests

2024

DOI: 10.3390/f15040604

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Research on the Preparation of Wood Adhesive Active Fillers from Tannin-/Bentonite-Modified Corn Cob

Linfeng Yang,

Haiyang Quan,

Jiajun Ji

et al.

Abstract: The artificial plywood industry in our country relies heavily on industrial flour as a filler for adhesives. Using abundant corn cob powder as the main raw material, corn cob powder was modified by impregnation with a sodium-based bentonite/bayberry tannin and used as filler for urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) adhesive, with NH4Cl as the curing agent and poplar veneer as the raw material to prepare plywood. The results showed that the modified corn cob powder with a particle size of 250 mesh was uniformly dispers… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

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Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Modifier of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Particleboard Production

Kawalerczyk,

Dukarska,

Antov

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Various methods for the effective modification of urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, aimed at enhancing the performance of wood-based materials, have been continually explored worldwide. The aim of this work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of introducing small amounts (0.25–1.5%) of activated carbon from coconut shells (ACCS) in UF adhesive on the properties of particleboard. The performed investigations of the adhesive mixture’s properties showed an increase in both viscosity and reactivity. Moreover, the use of loadings of 0.75% and 1% had a positive effect on mechanical properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond. In these variants, a delay in the degradation of the adhesive bonds by water was also observed, as indicated by the lower thickness swelling values measured after 2 h. However, under long-term exposure to water, the modification had no considerable effect on the dimensional stability of the boards. Markedly, the addition of 1 and 1.5% of ACCS resulted in a reduction in formaldehyde content, which can be attributed to the excellent adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Overall, a loading of 1% was found to be optimal, resulting in improved strength, enhanced water resistance, and reduced formaldehyde content.

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Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Modifier of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Particleboard Production

Kawalerczyk,

Dukarska,

Antov

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The Influence of Various Modifications of Hazelnut Shell Flour as Potential Filler in Plywood Technology

Wronka,

Wojnicz,

Kowaluk

2024

Materials

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This study investigates the potential of utilizing hazelnut shells (HS) as an innovative filler in three-layer plywood technology, addressing the growing need for sustainable, high-performance materials. Traditional plywood production relies on adhesives enhanced with various fillers to improve physical, mechanical, and operational characteristics. This research explores using native, chemically modified, and activated carbon derived from hazelnut shells as fillers in urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. The produced plywood’s mechanical properties, water absorption, and formaldehyde emissions were thoroughly analyzed. Key findings demonstrate that incorporating 10 part by weight (pbw) native hazelnut shell flour significantly enhances the modulus of rupture (MOR) to 138.6 N mm−2 and modulus of elasticity (MOE) to 13,311 N mm−2. Chemically modified hazelnut shell flour achieves optimal results at 5 pbw, while activated carbon from hazelnut shells, even at 1 pbw, markedly improves bonding strength (2.79 N mm−2 referred to 0.81 N mm−2 for reference sample without filler added). Notably, activated carbon effectively reduces formaldehyde emissions (2.72 mg 100 g−1 oven dry panel referred to 3.32 mg 100 g−1 oven dry panel for reference samples with 10 pbw filler) and improves water resistance, indicating better further dimensional stability and lower environmental impact. The study also shows that excessive filler content negatively affects strength parameters, confirming the importance of optimizing filler concentration. These results highlight the potential of hazelnut shells as an eco-friendly alternative filler in plywood production, contributing to waste valorization and environmental sustainability. This study supports the practical application of hazelnut shell fillers, promoting a circular economy and reducing reliance on traditional, less sustainable materials, thus providing a valuable solution for the wood composite industry.

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Research on the Preparation of Wood Adhesive Active Fillers from Tannin-/Bentonite-Modified Corn Cob

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Modifier of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Particleboard Production

Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Modifier of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin in Particleboard Production

The Influence of Various Modifications of Hazelnut Shell Flour as Potential Filler in Plywood Technology

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