Research on the Equity of Urban Green Park Space Layout Based on Ga2SFCA Optimization Method—Taking the Core Area of Beijing as an Example

Abstract

(1) Background: The issue of equity in the layout of urban green park spaces is an essential dimension of urban public resource allocation. (2) Objective: To analyze the equity of the distribution of parkland in the core area of Beijing from a quantitative and spatial perspective. By measuring both vehicular and pedestrian transport modes, the study identifies areas with low levels of green space provision and provides strategies for optimization. It is hoped that this study can provide a basis for future green space construction in the core area of Beijing. (3) Methods: In this paper, the Gauss Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method (Ga2SFCA) is used to study the green park space layout in the core area of Beijing. The two modes of 30min-walk and 10min-car-journey were used to measure the fair values of the residential unit scale, the street district scale, and the overall scale, respectively. (4) Results: The study results show that the fair values based on the 30-min walk and the 10-min car journey differ significantly. For the 30-min walk-based travel mode, the proportion of fair (Class IV) and fairer (Class V) areas is approximately 20%, while for the 10 min car-based travel mode, the corresponding class is over 90%. (5) Conclusions: The overall equity of urban parkland in Beijing core area is better for car-based travel modes, while for walking modes, the supply is still insufficient, and the distribution of parkland is polarized.

Effects of choice of data aggregation method to a point on walking accessibility results using the G2SFCA method

“…Consequently, they also did not assess whether the way centroid is placed should depend on the FCA family method used. The author considered the Gaussian function used in multimodal accessibility studies, including walking by (Cao et al, 2022;Del Conte et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022). The function favours destinations located at closer distances and assumed that up to a certain point, weight differences change little, then accelerate as distance increases.…”

“…Methods based on 2SFCA have been widely used in studies of spatial accessibility to basic services, including medical services (Bauer, Groneberg, 2016;Chen, Pan, 2020;Dai, 2010;Huhndorf, Działek, 2018;Jin et al, 2019;Lechowski, Jasion, 2021;Stępniak et al, 2017), retail and shopping centres (Wiśniewski et al, 2020), parks (Cao et al, 2022;Dony et al, 2015;Luo et al, 2022), financial services (Langford et al, 2020).…”

“…Bearing in mind that it is not always possible to work on disaggregated data, the aim of this paper was to investigate which of five tested methods of determining a point (mean centre, weighted mean centre, median centre, weighted median centre, central distance), minimises bias in the estimation of walking accessibility to primary health care (PHC) facilities. The research used the Gaussian two step floating catchment area method (G2SFCA), introduced by D. Dai (2010), which has been employed in its original or modified version to model, among other things, walking accessibility (Cao et al, 2022;Del Conte et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022).…”

Evaluation and Optimization of Green Space Fairness in Urban Built-Up Areas Based on an Improved Supply and Demand Model: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

“…Then, roads were classified into 5 levels according to the relevant regulations of urban road construction. Due to the irregular shape of the boundaries of urban built-up areas, to ensure sufficient connections between roads and UGSs [40], we added all available information for the main roads adjacent to UGS boundaries. Additionally, to best reflect the real situation in the city, we used street view image data, adopted a combination of machine learning and artificial visual recognition, and focused on identifying road speed limit signs to obtain travel cost data suitable for the accessibility model.…”

Spatial Distribution and Accessibility Evaluation of National Water Parks in China

“…The model basically assumes the following: (1) That there exists some points supplying resources and some areas need to be supplied; (2) each point allocates its resources to the areas around it within a certain distance (searching threshold), and the quantity of allocation is depend on both the population size and the distance; (3) each area can obtain resources from the points within the searching threshold; and (4) the total supply of resources from the same resource point is limited to its capacity. Then, the accessibility of the resource for each area can be computed by two steps of searching as follows [53][54][55]:…”