Research on the direct amination of benzene to aniline by NiAlPO₄–5 catalyst

Abstract

A series of NiAlPO4–5 molecular sieves have been hydrothermally synthesized and shown high and stable activity in the direct amination of benzene to aniline with hydroxylamine hydrochloride as aminating agent. The as‐synthesized and calcined samples were investigated with XRD, SEM, TG, BET, NH3‐TPD and FT‐IR to explore the crystalline, coordination and location of the incorporated transition metal ions. The results indicated that nickel ions were incorporated into the framework of AlPO4–5 and the as‐synthesized catalysts were highly crystalline, and possessed good thermal stability. Among them, Ni(0.3)AlPO4–5 showed the highest catalytic activity for the direct amination of benzene with the highest aniline yield of 73.2% and 100.0% selectivity to aniline. After the catalyst was reused for 5 times, the activity remained little change.

Cu-α-diimine Compounds Encapsulated in Porous Materials as Catalysts for Electrophilic Amination of Aromatic C–H Bonds

“…, as a fixed bed) or recycled in multiple batches. − Lastly, spatial isolation of the active sites on the support can prevent catalyst deactivation through aggregation . Although some heterogeneous catalysts have been reported for the amination of benzene or toluene with NH 2 OH, ,, conclusive evidence for their heterogeneity is often missing. Moreover, given the poor OH LG, these reactions usually require the formation of aminium or aminyl radicals.…”

Techno-economic analysis of aniline production via amination of phenol

“…Nevertheless, increasing the aniline supply represents a potential risk since the synthesis route currently used by 85% ( Wang et al., 2019 ) of the aniline production companies worldwide (nitration of benzene) is highly hazardous, as it involves the use of strong acids in high concentrations, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the production of unstable and explosive byproducts such as dinitrophenol, picric acid, dinitrobenzene and nitrobenzene ( Badeen et al., 2011 ; Cuypers et al., 2018 ; Kletz, 2009 ; Trebilcock and Dharmavaram, 2013 ). These conditions have caused multiple fatal accidents throughout history.…”