In the digital age, the variability, uncertainty, complexity and fuzziness of the business environment are particularly prominent, and the innovation performance of enterprises is facing great challenges. In this paper, the theory of digital capability reveals the impact path of digital capability on innovation performance from the perspective of dual capability. Based on the empirical data of Chinese enterprises, the results show that: Digital capability helps to promote the innovation performance of enterprises; Digital capability can promote innovation performance by improving dual capability (exploration capability and utilization capability); when the degree of environmental uncertainty is low, the utilization ability has a strong positive effect on the improvement of innovation performance. However, with the improvement of environmental uncertainty, the advantage of Exploration capacity is gradually highlighted. This study takes dual capabilities as the key path to reveal the mechanism of digital capabilities on innovation performance improvement. The research results help to open the black box of the mechanism of digital capabilities on innovation performance improvement, and provide important practical guidance for promoting the development of Chinese enterprises.