Research on the Design of a Sensor-based Firefighters Safety Guardian System

Integrated Portable and Stationary Health Impact-Monitoring System for Firefighters

“…The most common approach is a wearable device, where the system is developed for the firefighters to wear it on their body. The location of the device can be the hands [7][8][9][10][11], the head [12] or in multiple locations on the body [13]. Wearable devices are the most common approach in these systems, as they offer multiple ways to implement the components of such systems.…”

“…The physiological and physical parameters recorded from these devices vary for each system as well. Most studies include physiological parameters, such as heart rate, pulse rate, epidermal temperature and blood pressure [7,[9][10][11][12]15,[17][18][19], which are meant to indicate the status of the firefighter. For example, [15] developed an intelligent garment responsible for monitoring the physiological state of the firefighter through an electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, an electromyogram, respiration, blood volume pulse, as well as from other physical parameters, specifically temperature and motion measurements through an accelerometer.…”

“…For example, [15] developed an intelligent garment responsible for monitoring the physiological state of the firefighter through an electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, an electromyogram, respiration, blood volume pulse, as well as from other physical parameters, specifically temperature and motion measurements through an accelerometer. Physical parameters, such as temperature, humidity and body movement detection through acceleration, are considered in the implementation of most systems [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,18,20]. Acquiring such values expands the capabilities of firefighters' health monitoring since aside from physiological values, vital signs such as motion or posture can be extracted.…”

“…Acquiring such values expands the capabilities of firefighters' health monitoring since aside from physiological values, vital signs such as motion or posture can be extracted. Regarding air quality, a smaller number of studies join air quality monitoring with the rest of the system [7,11,17,18,20].…”

“…For longer ranges with less power consumption, technologies like LoRaWAN [9,12,13,23,25] and ZigBee/XBee [7,14] are utilized. When no remote server is required and the data are displayed locally, Bluetooth or other small-range technologies are used [8,11,[15][16][17][18][19]24,27].…”