“…This requires them to have appropriate content knowledge (CK) of ISI (Groth & Meletiou-Mavrotheris, 2018) that must extend beyond what their students will learn (Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008;Fennema & Franke, 1992;Pfannkuch & Ben-Zvi, 2011). However, many students enter tertiary education in general (Chance, delMas, & Garfield, 2004) and teacher college in particular (De Vetten, Schoonenboom, Keijzer, & Van Oers, 2018b) with a shallow, isolated understanding of the concepts underlying statistical inference.…”