Research on Progress of Blockchain Consensus Algorithm: A Review on Recent Progress of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

Xiong, Hu; Chen, Muxi; Chen, Wu; Zhao, Yue; Yi, Wenlong

doi:10.3390/fi14020047

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Further, the blockchain helps secure data to be stored and thus can be applied in a smart safe box. Further, blockchain data have three aspects of data structure, data model and datastore, and a consensus mechanism as presented in [34][35][36][37]. Further, each block is saved in chronological order with a block header, policy header, and block body.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Electronic Smart Safe Box Using Private Blockchain Technology

et al. 2022

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Effective security has become a vital part of our daily routine, for example securing cash, jewelry, documents, and other valuables. One way is to protect these items by keeping them in a safe box. However, current safe boxes are vulnerable to a number of security attacks such as physical, repudiation, anonymously modifying, etc. In this regard, this paper presents a robust smart safe box using the blockchain solution to ensure each transaction and secure it from unauthorized access. Also, it traces back the local safe items by reading back to blockchain data transactions and protecting them from thieves by tracking the burglar with a real-time tracking location Global Positioning System (GPS) tracker and capturing a picture and video recording through the external camera. Similarly, with more security enhancement using the TensorFlow framework to analyze optical detection and identify things inside the box using an internal camera. At the same time, each transaction is stored by using Write Once and Read Many (WORM) patterns saved in local private blockchain data block logs. Finally, it uses three-way authentication mechanisms to unlock the safe box that authenticates the users, (1) face recognition, (2) fingerprint and (3) the keypad password. The performance of the proposed smart safe box is tested by a number of hardware and blockchain tests. The results reveal that the proposed smart safe box ensures safe and authenticated access to the box and records each transaction using blockchain technology. Further, the performance evaluation of the private blockchain significantly improved the integrity and safeness of the proposed smart safe box.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Electronic Smart Safe Box Using Private Blockchain Technology

et al. 2022

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“…The consensus algorithm concept was born from a prominent probability consensus study, which was brought up by David Gale and Edmund Eisenberg. The study mainly focuses on finding the number of individuals with subjective consciousness reaching a stable consensus probability distribution under certain situations [9]. The purpose of applying a consensus algorithm in blockchain technology is to make sure each node's data consistency for certain requests.…”

Section: Consensus Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the current application of blockchain in social media

Yang

2023

Third International Symposium on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Communications (ISCEIC 2022)

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Since the appearance of bitcoin, blockchain technology has been widely treated as an opportunity for businesses and the technology revolution. Until now, blockchain technology has been applied to several fields such as energy system evolution, Cryptocurrency, and social media. In this paper, the author mainly explored the current application of blockchain technology in social media, the algorithm behind blockchain technology, and the existing problem in blockchain technology. For the application in social media, this paper explores fake news detection, user trust framework, and decentralized online social network. For the algorithm behind blockchain technology, the Raft algorithm and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithm are discussed in this paper. Moreover, one of the innovative consensus algorithms will be explained in the subsection. The following topics will be discussed in the existing problems section: Internet of Things issues, delayed confirmation, and information security. Finally, the author concluded that the current application of blockchain in social media is still developing, and more possibilities for blockchain application in social media will be found with further development.

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“…The first blockchain consensus protocol was the Proof-ofwork (PoW) consensus [14], [35] [15], [36]. Normally, blockchain security is based on this concept and a transaction is only considered valid once the system obtains proof that enough computational work has been exerted by authorizing nodes.…”

Section: A Proof Of Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithm aims to cut back on the ever-increasing electricity consumption of the PoW blockchain network [14], [35] [15], [36]. As an alternative to computationally expensive puzzle solving, proof of stake aims to stake peers' economic share in the network.…”

Section: B Proof Of Stakementioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Consensus Algorithms in Blockchain-Based Applications: Architecture, Taxonomy, and Operational Issues

Islam

Hossain

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Recently, Blockchain-based applications have become immensely popular because of limited reliance on a single entity, unlike a centralized system. However, reaching a consensus among blockchain networks is a challenging and vital aspect of blockchain-based applications. There are various types of blockchain networks for different kinds of application scenarios. Among all of them, the consensus algorithm is the most crucial part of reaching an agreement in the complex blockchain network. Over the years, researchers have focused on dealing with the challenges like distributed computing, storage, transaction speed, security, validity, interoperability, and many more. However, only some of them are appropriate for all domains. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive study of different types of consensus protocols used in existing blockchain solutions with the strength and limitations of each algorithm. We also provide an inherent comparison among different algorithms to understand consensus protocol selection better. Moreover, we investigate operational and interoperability issues in existing blockchain-based applications to understand challenges and provide recommendations for future developers.INDEX TERMS Blockchain, consensus algorithm, interoperability, cross-chain transactions, architecture, operational issues, applications, research directions. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE blockchain concept was first introduced by Haber and Stornetta [1], which is considered one of the technologies with the most potential. After that the introduction of Bitcoin by Nakamoto [2], it has attracted intense attention from all over the world. In Blockchain systems, different cryptographic protocols, like hash functions, digital signatures, etc., are used to maintain the authenticity and security of the data. Blockchain is a distributed ledger system that keeps data secure from unauthorized access. Blockchain technology allows users to add, view, and validate transactions to the distributed ledger. These transactions often take place with the consent of all involved users. Blockchain uses a consensus mechanism to ensure that all transactions are accurate.In a trustless environment, blockchain provides users with desirable qualities like decentralization, autonomy, integrity, immutability, verification, fault-tolerance, anonymity, auditability, and transparency, which have received significant academic and industrial attention recently years [3]-[6]. However, the blockchain system is trustless and ensures blockchain-enabled trust through other cryptographic peerto-peer communication in the decentralized network. Further verification and validation mechanisms are employed

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Research on Progress of Blockchain Consensus Algorithm: A Review on Recent Progress of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Development of an Electronic Smart Safe Box Using Private Blockchain Technology

Development of an Electronic Smart Safe Box Using Private Blockchain Technology

Analysis of the current application of blockchain in social media

A Survey on Consensus Algorithms in Blockchain-Based Applications: Architecture, Taxonomy, and Operational Issues

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