“…At present, the main methods of measuring ship deformation include the large steel tube reference method, the Bragg fiber grating method, the photogrammetry method, the dual frequency polarization light method, the liquid pressure measurement method and so on [10]- [14]. However, these methods suffer from low accuracy of measurement, complicated calculation, uninstrumentation, large structures, and requiring optical visibility, so they are not suitable for complicated maritime navigation environments [15]- [19].…”