Research on molten pool temperature in the process of laser rapid forming

Tan, Hua; Chen, Jing; Lin, Xin; Zhang, Fengying; Huang, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.06.090

Cited by 115 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is attributed to the high heat flux as the heated boundary is spatially small relative to entire melt pool. For example, maximum/peak temperatures within a melt pool of AISI 316 SS can be around 2300 K which is about 40% above its melting temperature of 1673 K, while melt pool temperatures in single-line clads of Ni20 were found to have temperatures 30% higher than their liquids [33,115]. The powder injection contributes to the melt pool superheat [136], and M a n u s c r i p t increasing the powder feed rate will decrease the melt pool temperature [33].…”

Section: Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the deposition of a single layer is complete, the build plate moves via CNC relative to the deposition head and the process is repeated. Thermal monitoring may be implemented through the use of infrared cameras and/or pyrometers [13,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Such monitoring can be used for DLD feedback control or for data collection.…”

Section: Direct Laser Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For most DLD systems, a Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser is utilized [97][98][99], with typical power ranging between 1 -5 kW. However, any laser with sufficient power to melt material is acceptable, including CO 2 -type [33,41,100] and pulsed-wave lasers [27]. The Nd:YAG laser has been used with success for many laser welding and/or cutting processes in the past due to its absorption/attenuation, as well [102].…”

Section: Laser and Powder Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

Thompson

Bian

Shamsaei

et al. 2015

Additive Manufacturing

608

368

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Section: Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Laser Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser and Powder Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

Thompson

Bian

Shamsaei

et al. 2015

Additive Manufacturing

608

368

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“…CaHPO 4 is unstable at high temperature, and will convert easily into Ca 2 P 2 O 7 at about 650 K -750 K (Reaction 5) [13,14] . So the P-rich phase should be Ca 2 P 2 O 7 whose Ca/P ratio is also 1:1 since the temperature of the laser molten pool is much higher than 750 K [15] . Therefore the eutectic phase should be comprised of CaTiO 3 and Ca 2 P 2 O 7 which suggests that a transition from CaTiO 3 to Ca 2 P 2 O 7 can be obtained at the surface of the coating.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and microstructure of CaTiO3 coating by laser cladding

Lü

Lin

et al. 2011

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit.

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In order to explore the way to improve the adhesion of the calcium phosphate bioceramic coating to Ti substrate, the CaTiO 3 coating was fabricated on Ti substrate by laser cladding (LC) using powders of CaCO 3 and CaHPO 4 , and then the composition and microstructure of the coatings were investigated. During LC, CaCO 3 can hardly react with Ti, and the coating fabricated using CaCO 3 powder is mainly composed of the process of CaO, the decomposition product of CaCO 3 . Moreover, the coating has a loosened structure and part of it has peeled off from the substrate. CaHPO 4 reacts vigorously with Ti, and the coating fabricated using CaHPO 4 mainly consists of CaTiO 3 which is one of the reaction products between Ti and CaHPO 4 . Chemical bonding is formed at the interface between coating and substrate, which may enhance the adhesion of the CaTiO 3 coating to Ti substrate. Furthermore, CaTiO 3 dendrite and eutectic of CaTiO 3 and Ca 2 P 2 O 7 are found on the surface of the coating, implying that a transition can be formed between CaTiO 3 and some calcium phosphate bioceramic. So CaTiO 3 coating fabricated using CaHPO 4 can be a potential candidate to improve the adhesion between calcium phosphate coating and Ti substrate. However, there are also pores and cracks existing in the coating, which may degrade the mechanical properties of the coating.

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“…In a later study, Doubenskaia [14] ran a comprehensive optical diagnostic analysis on laser processing using a pyrometer and an infrared camera. A relationship between the molten pool temperature and the cladding thickness was also constructed by Hua et al [15]. Zhang et al [16] investigated the influence of thermal history on the microstructures and properties of a multi-layer stainless steel 410 (SS 410) thin wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time control of microstructure in laser additive manufacturing

Farshidianfar

Khajepour

Gerlich

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

101

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A novel closed-loop process is demonstrated to control deposition microstructure during laser additive manufacturing (LAM) in real-time. An infrared imaging system is developed to monitor surface temperatures during the process as feedback signals. Cooling rates and melt pool temperatures are recorded in real-time to provide adequate information regarding thermal gradients, and thus control the deposition microstructure affected by cooling rates during LAM. Using correlations between the cooling rate, traveling speed, and the clad microstructure, a novel feedback PID controller is established to control the cooling rate. The controller is designed to maintain the cooling rate around a desired point by tuning the traveling speed. The performance of the controller is examined on several single-track and multi-track closedloop claddings in order to achieve desired microstructures with specific properties. Results indicate that the closed-loop controller is capable of generating a consistent controlled microstructure during the LAM process in real-time.

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Research on molten pool temperature in the process of laser rapid forming

Cited by 115 publications

References 9 publications

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics

Fabrication and microstructure of CaTiO3 coating by laser cladding

Real-time control of microstructure in laser additive manufacturing

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