The oil film thickness of a hydrostatic bearing is an important indicator of lubrication characteristics of a multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing, lubrication characteristics of hydrostatic thrust bearing are affected significantly by the rotational speed of the worktable, especially under the condition of high speed and heavy loading, and its effect is more significant. A multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing with circular recess is taken as research objects, the relation between oil film thickness and rational speed of the worktable is deduced by using lubricating theory and tribology principle. A test rig is designed for testing the oil film thickness of the above bearing, and a proving experiment is carried out. The calculated results qualitatively agree well with the experimental data, it has been found that by increasing the rotational speed the volume flow rate of efflux from the oil recess and the shear heat of the oil recess are increased, and lubricating oil viscosity decline sharply, oil film grow thin quickly, together with bearing friction pair uneven deformation, local bearing friction pair appear boundary lubrication or dry friction, and then happen tribology failure. The study provides the basic data for the hydrostatic thrust bearing design and lubrication, and implements of the prediction of the hydrostatic thrust bearing lubrication characteristics, and reaches the purpose of reducing economic loss.