“…Different filler materials have been introduced into the PVDF matrix for different functional properties such as Fe 3 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 and MgFe 2 O 4 for magnetic properties; graphene oxide, CNT for conductive properties, BaTiO 3 , PbTiO 3 , KNbO 3 for piezoelectric properties [18]. Researchers prepared Fe 3 O 4 -PVDF nanocomposites films by solvent casting method.…”
Magnetically responsive, mechanically stable and highly flexible iron (III) oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (Fe3O4-PVDF) piezoelectric composite fiber mats were fabricated via one step electrospinning method for magnetic sensing at cryogenic temperature. The properties of Fe3O4-PVDF composite fiber mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, d33 and magnetization test. The fiber diameter decreased as the concentration of Fe3O4 increased. The DSC results suggested a decrease in the crystallinity of the composite fiber mats after adding Fe3O4, and the XRD curves identified that the decrease in crystallinity took place in the β crystalline phases of the fibers. FT-IR results further confirmed the reduction of β phases of the composite fiber mats which dropped the piezoelectric response of the fiber mats by 38% for 5% Fe3O4-PVDF than PVDF fiber but still 400% higher than PVDF pellets. The magnetization test advocated a superparamagnetic state of the fiber at room temperature but a ferromagnetic behavior at a lower temperature. The coercivity values of the mats suggested a homogeneous dispersion of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the PVDF matrix. Young’s modulus (E) of the fibers remained the same before and after the magnetization test, indicating the mechanical stability of the fiber in the range of 5 K to 300 K. Its mechanical stability, superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and ferromagnetic at low temperature could open up its application in spintronic devices at cryogenic temperature and cryogenic power electronic devices.
“…Different filler materials have been introduced into the PVDF matrix for different functional properties such as Fe 3 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 and MgFe 2 O 4 for magnetic properties; graphene oxide, CNT for conductive properties, BaTiO 3 , PbTiO 3 , KNbO 3 for piezoelectric properties [18]. Researchers prepared Fe 3 O 4 -PVDF nanocomposites films by solvent casting method.…”
Magnetically responsive, mechanically stable and highly flexible iron (III) oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (Fe3O4-PVDF) piezoelectric composite fiber mats were fabricated via one step electrospinning method for magnetic sensing at cryogenic temperature. The properties of Fe3O4-PVDF composite fiber mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, d33 and magnetization test. The fiber diameter decreased as the concentration of Fe3O4 increased. The DSC results suggested a decrease in the crystallinity of the composite fiber mats after adding Fe3O4, and the XRD curves identified that the decrease in crystallinity took place in the β crystalline phases of the fibers. FT-IR results further confirmed the reduction of β phases of the composite fiber mats which dropped the piezoelectric response of the fiber mats by 38% for 5% Fe3O4-PVDF than PVDF fiber but still 400% higher than PVDF pellets. The magnetization test advocated a superparamagnetic state of the fiber at room temperature but a ferromagnetic behavior at a lower temperature. The coercivity values of the mats suggested a homogeneous dispersion of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the PVDF matrix. Young’s modulus (E) of the fibers remained the same before and after the magnetization test, indicating the mechanical stability of the fiber in the range of 5 K to 300 K. Its mechanical stability, superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and ferromagnetic at low temperature could open up its application in spintronic devices at cryogenic temperature and cryogenic power electronic devices.
“…Such magnetic nanofiber mats can be used, e.g., as catalysts [22], for magnetic hyperthermia [23], or electromagnetic shielding [24]. In contrast to other methods, such as electrodeposition [25,26], seed-mediated growth [27], magnetic field patterning of magnetic precursor inks printed on a substrate [28], or electrochemical deposition [29], electrospinning has the advantage Materials 2020, 13 of enabling preparation of large-scale nanofiber networks in short times without the necessity to use a cleanroom, highly sophisticated equipment, or highly toxic material, and is thus often used to prepare magnetic nanofibers [30][31][32][33][34]. Notably, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be spun from the low-toxic solvent DMSO [3], making the whole process relatively easy to handle and avoiding unnecessary environmental pollution.…”
Magnetic nanofibers are of great interest in basic research, as well as for possible applications in spintronics and neuromorphic computing. Here we report on the preparation of magnetic nanofiber mats by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/nanoparticle solutions, creating a network of arbitrarily oriented nanofibers with a high aspect ratio. Since PAN is a typical precursor for carbon, the magnetic nanofiber mats were stabilized and carbonized after electrospinning. The magnetic properties of nanofiber mats containing magnetite or nickel ferrite nanoparticles were found to depend on the nanoparticle diameters and the potential after-treatment, as compared with raw nanofiber mats. Micromagnetic simulations underlined the different properties of both magnetic materials. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images revealed nearly unchanged morphologies after stabilization without mechanical fixation, which is in strong contrast to pure PAN nanofiber mats. While carbonization at 500 °C left the morphology unaltered, as compared with the stabilized samples, stronger connections between adjacent fibers were formed during carbonization at 800 °C, which may be supportive of magnetic data transmission.
“…Modifying these nanofibers with 1H,1H,2H, and 2H-perfluorodecalin trimethoxysilane could make more hydrophobic and even superhydrophobic webs. At -2 kV or 10 kV, the contact angle was 153° [ 32 ]. Figure 10 (a) water contact angles of the 0–20% samples (PVDF/GO/TiO2 nanofiber webs with rGO/TiO2 ratios of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%), and b) the water contact angle of samples and Welch two-sample t-test results (n – 5) [ 31 ].…”
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