“…First, it provides the general definition and classification of EM capabilities, which are sufficiently general and applicable to different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Therefore, the study contributes to overcoming the existing lacuna in literature, which focus on application-specific and context-specific classifications of the EM capabilities (Yang and Xu 2011;Yong et al 2012;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019). Next, it provides analysts with a structured set of tools and guidelines for modeling and analyzing the EM capabilities, which is suitable for multi-actor, multi-sectoral, and cross-border contexts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• Generalization: It can be applied to model and can analyze a wide and comprehensive spectrum of EM capabilities under different operational and emergency contexts. Indeed, most of the available classifications of capabilities are not adaptable to different scenarios (Yang and Xu 2011;Yong et al 2012;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019) while different models and methods for EM capability modeling can only be used for the assessment of specific capabilities (Yang and Zhang 2014;Dohan et al 2015;Ma et al 2019;Alvanchi and Seyrfar 2020). Moreover, it can be used to model highly heterogeneous multi-actor environments, as illustrated by the pilot application.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for the study objective, the reviewed contributions mainly addressed risk assessment (Lv et al 2013;Albano et al 2016), resilience assessment (Crawford et al 2018;Bristow 2019), specific capability assessment (Xu 2018;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019), or models based on GIS applications (Abdalla and Niall 2009;Gagnon et al 2012;Assilzadeh et al 2012). Another stream of literature focused on system development (e.g., technological tools and IT platforms for EM) as in the case of Gagnon et al (2012), who referred to a human-centered emergency response tool (SYnRGY) for measuring and simulating the capabilities.…”
Section: Models and Methods For Em Capability Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most of them include at least two levels; in some cases, the first level corresponds to the EM cycle phase, considered as a classification dimension rather than a dimension related to deployment (Wang et al 2009;Yong et al 2012;Li and Wang 2015;Wu and Ren 2017;Qi et al 2018;Yu et al 2019;Zhifeng 2020). and Zhang et al (2018) limit the analysis to the maritime context. Only six documents provide comprehensive classification of the capabilities, where all the main operations and the needs of EM operations are addressed.…”
Section: Definition and Classification Of The Em Capabilitiesmentioning
The management of emergencies affecting interdependent critical infrastructure (CI) systems is a complex issue of increasing concern. The existence of multiple cascading effects, limited situational awareness, and the need for coordination between several actors are factors that justify the conceptualization of CI as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Although the capability concept has been extensively adopted in emergency management (EM) literature, proper classification and modeling of CI systems is lacking. This study aims to adopt a capability-based approach for EM to improve the adaptability to the prevailing and unpredictable circumstances, based on a combination of literature review and field research. It proposes a classification and modeling framework for the analysis of the intra-and interorganizational capabilities using a pilot application involving the Italy-Switzerland cross-border transport infrastructure. This framework is suitable for modeling the EM capabilities under different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Moreover, it enables the representation and description of a CI system through elementary components that capture the main features of a CAS. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework can foster public-private collaboration (PPC) in the development of CI protection and resilience (CIP-R) programs.
“…First, it provides the general definition and classification of EM capabilities, which are sufficiently general and applicable to different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Therefore, the study contributes to overcoming the existing lacuna in literature, which focus on application-specific and context-specific classifications of the EM capabilities (Yang and Xu 2011;Yong et al 2012;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019). Next, it provides analysts with a structured set of tools and guidelines for modeling and analyzing the EM capabilities, which is suitable for multi-actor, multi-sectoral, and cross-border contexts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• Generalization: It can be applied to model and can analyze a wide and comprehensive spectrum of EM capabilities under different operational and emergency contexts. Indeed, most of the available classifications of capabilities are not adaptable to different scenarios (Yang and Xu 2011;Yong et al 2012;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019) while different models and methods for EM capability modeling can only be used for the assessment of specific capabilities (Yang and Zhang 2014;Dohan et al 2015;Ma et al 2019;Alvanchi and Seyrfar 2020). Moreover, it can be used to model highly heterogeneous multi-actor environments, as illustrated by the pilot application.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for the study objective, the reviewed contributions mainly addressed risk assessment (Lv et al 2013;Albano et al 2016), resilience assessment (Crawford et al 2018;Bristow 2019), specific capability assessment (Xu 2018;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019), or models based on GIS applications (Abdalla and Niall 2009;Gagnon et al 2012;Assilzadeh et al 2012). Another stream of literature focused on system development (e.g., technological tools and IT platforms for EM) as in the case of Gagnon et al (2012), who referred to a human-centered emergency response tool (SYnRGY) for measuring and simulating the capabilities.…”
Section: Models and Methods For Em Capability Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most of them include at least two levels; in some cases, the first level corresponds to the EM cycle phase, considered as a classification dimension rather than a dimension related to deployment (Wang et al 2009;Yong et al 2012;Li and Wang 2015;Wu and Ren 2017;Qi et al 2018;Yu et al 2019;Zhifeng 2020). and Zhang et al (2018) limit the analysis to the maritime context. Only six documents provide comprehensive classification of the capabilities, where all the main operations and the needs of EM operations are addressed.…”
Section: Definition and Classification Of The Em Capabilitiesmentioning
The management of emergencies affecting interdependent critical infrastructure (CI) systems is a complex issue of increasing concern. The existence of multiple cascading effects, limited situational awareness, and the need for coordination between several actors are factors that justify the conceptualization of CI as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Although the capability concept has been extensively adopted in emergency management (EM) literature, proper classification and modeling of CI systems is lacking. This study aims to adopt a capability-based approach for EM to improve the adaptability to the prevailing and unpredictable circumstances, based on a combination of literature review and field research. It proposes a classification and modeling framework for the analysis of the intra-and interorganizational capabilities using a pilot application involving the Italy-Switzerland cross-border transport infrastructure. This framework is suitable for modeling the EM capabilities under different operational contexts and emergency scenarios. Moreover, it enables the representation and description of a CI system through elementary components that capture the main features of a CAS. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework can foster public-private collaboration (PPC) in the development of CI protection and resilience (CIP-R) programs.
“…In maritime activities, there are often dangerous situations such as ship collisions, grounding, sinking, aircraft falling into the sea, maritime fires, explosions, typhoon attacking, tsunamis, hostage taking at sea, man overboard, etc [1][2] .…”
Conducting effectiveness evaluation and analysis of the key elements of rescuing the overboard personnel by search and rescue ships, an evaluation index system for rescuing the overboard personnel is constructed. Considering the randomness and fuzziness of various evaluation indicators for rescuing the overboard personnel, a qualitative concept and quantitative calculation are transformed based on cloud models to establish an effectiveness evaluation model for rescuing the overboard personnel. Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to calculate the weights of each evaluation indicator and combined with the evaluation indicators, upper level indicators parameter of cloud model are calculated. The effectiveness evaluation conclusion of the overall goal of rescuing the overboard personnel is obtained by comparing it with the evaluation standard cloud model.
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