Research on Estimating Methods and Application of Fuel Rods Defect

Li, Huaibin; Fu, Yaru; Mao, Lanfang; Mei, Qing

doi:10.1115/icone25-66622

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…It can be obviously seen that the most important nuclides are I-131, Xe-133, Xe-135, and Kr-85, which is consistent with the prevalent knowledge. These nuclides are already usually used in the isotopic ratio method for fuel failure detection (Menéndez, 2009;Li et al, 2017;Lyu and Xiong, 2019). These four nuclides are critical in the fuel failure detection process.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Nuclidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to determine whether the fuel cladding is defective, either a chemical sampling approach from the let-down flow or the real-time online monitoring system is used to collect specific activities in the primary coolant. By analyzing the specific activities of FPs derived by sampling or online monitoring, fuel rod failures are discovered by various methodologies, such as the release-to-birth ratio method (Zanker, 1989), fitted escape rate coefficient method (Yamamoto and Morishita, 2015), and isotopic ratio method (Kalinichev et al, 2018;Li et al, 2017) (Qin et al, 2016). Generally, these strategies are developed in consideration of the FP release model or reactor operation experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is based on the ratios of specific activities of two isotopic FPs, which can be used to determine whether the fuel cladding is defective (Menéndez, 2009). In addition, it can identify the degree of fuel failure if the fuel cladding is defective (Li et al, 2017). The advantage of the isotopic ratio method is its simplicity, as it allows for straightforward determination of the specific activities of FPs by analyzing the spectrum obtained from sampling or online monitoring for the primary coolant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in some circumstances, the isotopic ratio method may fail under the influence of tramp uranium. In addition, there is no single standard for the isotopes and the threshold of the isotopic ratio method (Li and Yang, 2008;Menéndez, 2009;Li et al, 2017;Lyu and Xiong, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved Method for PWR Fuel Failure Detection Using Cascade-forward Neural Network With Decision Tree

et al. 2022

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When a fuel rod is damaged, determining the degree of fuel failure makes sense. The operators can decide whether to continue operating the reactor or shut it down based on the severity of the fuel failure. The isotopic ratio of two radioactive fission products (FPs) is a typical technique for evaluating the degree of fuel failure, although this is not applicable in the case of little fuel failure but large tramp uranium mass. The feedforward neural network (FFNN) has been used to identify fuel failures in order to overcome the shortcomings of the isotopic ratio method, although there is still inadequacy in the ability to distinguish between an intact fuel rod and a defective fuel rod with a small defect. In this study, we propose a cascade-forward neural network with a decision tree for fuel failure detection that performs well at classifying the degree of fuel failure and, in particular, at differentiating between an intact fuel rod and a defective fuel rod with a small size defect. The input of the neural network is the specific activity of FPs measured in the coolant. The degree of fuel failure is determined by the neural network’s output, which is labeled using one-hot encoding. The training set is constructed using the Booth-type diffusion model and the first-order kinetic model. The performance of the improved neural network is demonstrated. It is shown that the improved method is more accurate and responsive than the previous neural network when recognizing the onset of fuel failure. Finally, the most important nuclides are determined through the sensitivity analysis, and the neural network is simplified according to the importance of nuclides and the limitation of the radioactive detector in practical application.

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Section: Contribution Of the Nuclidementioning

confidence: 99%