Research on Energy Storage Optimization for Large-Scale PV Power Stations under Given Long-Distance Delivery Mode

Abstract

Western China has good conditions for constructing large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power stations; however, such power plants with large fluctuations and strong randomness suffer from the long-distance power transmission problem, which needs to be solved. For large-scale PV power stations that do not have the conditions for simultaneous hydropower and PV power, this study examined long-distance delivery mode and energy storage optimization. The objective was to realize the long-distance transmission of electrical energy and maximize the economic value of the energy storage and PV power storage. For a large-scale PV power station, the energy storage optimization was modelled under a given long-distance delivery mode, and the economic evaluation system quantified using the net present value (NPV) of the battery was based on the energy dispatch optimization model. By contrast, a lithium battery performance model was developed. Therefore, further analysis of the economics of the energy storage and obtaining the best capacity of the energy storage battery and corresponding replacement cycle considered battery degradation. The case study of Qinghai Gonghe 100 MWp demonstration base PV power station showed that the optimal energy storage capacity was 5 MWh, and the optimal replacement period was 2 years. Therefore, the annual abandoned electricity was reduced by 3.051 × 10 4 MWh compared with no energy storage. The utilization rate of both the PV power station and quality of the delivered electricity were modelled to realize a long-distance transmission to the grid net. This will have an important guiding significance to develop and construct large-scale single PV power stations.

Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi for the Attica–Crete Interconnection

“…The batteries manufacturers advertise a nominal lifetime T bat_life of 5-20 years for lead acid batteries without mentioning the ageing phenomena because of charge-discharge cycles. In reality the battery storage and usage lead on static and dynamic degradation, respectively [63][64][65]. The first one is caused by the deterioration of the functional characteristics of the battery materials without any operation (only discharge can exist), mostly the electrodes corrosion and the electrolyte oxidation, while the second one is mainly affected by the electrical and thermal forces due to the battery cycle, environment conditions (especially temperature), and depth of discharge.…”

“…The first one is caused by the deterioration of the functional characteristics of the battery materials without any operation (only discharge can exist), mostly the electrodes corrosion and the electrolyte oxidation, while the second one is mainly affected by the electrical and thermal forces due to the battery cycle, environment conditions (especially temperature), and depth of discharge. The battery life loss rate can be divided to static and dynamic ones being formulated in years −1 [63]. Here, the mathematical formulation is based on days −1 because one battery cycle is practically realized every day, as during daylight the battery is charged by PVs, while during night it is discharged.…”

Multi-Criteria Storage Selection Model for Grid-Connected Photovoltaics Systems

“…The existing literature regarding GCPV systems prefers the battery storage in the industrial and residential communities due to the advantages such as high modularity [22], compactness, integration simplicity, construction simplicity, safety [23], and power regulation [24]. However, the battery storage technology has been identified as a costly option [25].…”

Experimental Analysis of Residential Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Systems in Terms of Annual Energy Utilization

“…Rising demand for RES energy led to fast photovoltaic infrastructure development, which became competitive in terms of low cost and high efficiency. The flexibility of the design of PV systems allows energy production in a wide range of voltage, from systems with power above 100 MWp to household applications, most often below 15 kWp [16,17]. Integration of household PV systems and electric vehicle use are a promising solution for global GHG reduction and locally lower fuel costs [17,18].…”