“…2003 SARS, 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, 2020 COVID-19 and 2023 monkeypox epidemic are typical public health emergencies. Such events are characterized by suddenness, instability, uncertainty, mass and infectivity, 1 , 2 which endangers peoples’ physical and mental health as well as induces a series of risky behaviors among the public. For example, panic buying behaviors (such as daily necessities, medical supplies, and food), illegal and criminal behaviors (such as spreading rumors, conspiracy theories, extortion, and violence), self-destructive behaviors (such as excessive drinking, drug abuse, and commit suicide), unhealthy behaviors (such as smoking, sedentary, and a decline in daily physical activity), and boycott epidemic prevention and control behaviors (such as mass gathering of entertainment, deceiving the disease, retaliatory tourism and leisure, participating in activities with a large number of people, and fleeing epidemic areas).…”