Research on Disability Grading Based on ICF Functional Framework: Empirical Evidence From Zhejiang Province, China

Abstract

Through assignment method, the total score of disability in multiple dimensions is obtained, and it is divided into five functional states—severe disability, partial disability, moderate disability, mild disability, and health—according to the score, and the probability of death is constructed. Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database tracking survey data, by constructing a multistate transition probability matrix, the empirical calculation of the multistate disability transfer probability, with the help of the sixth national census data, we estimated maintenance time of each state, life expectancy, etc. The results show that the 3 year transfer probability of the initial healthy elderly is the highest, and the mortality rate is also the lowest. It can be found that the disability state transition probability measurement based on the data is more accurate than the model estimation; the disability scale and life expectancy estimated based on the multistate transition probability matrix are more reliable.

Evaluating the long-term care insurance policy from medical expenses and health security equity perspective: evidence from China

“…Compared with current LTCI policy researches, such as Kim & Lim [ 14 ], Choi et al [ 18 ], Yasutake et al [ 29 ], and Ma et al [ 13 ], based on the analysis of LTCI medical cost control utility, this study puts group benefit fairness into evaluation of the implementation effect of LTCI policy for the first time, which is a great breakthrough in research perspective and research content. In respect of research methods, we use the instrumental variable method to reduce the estimation errors caused by sample selection errors, which can effectively improve reliability of research conclusions, which is consistent with the research methods of Boo et al [ 16 ] and Liu [ 5 ].…”

“…Medical security or nursing service policies are not as important as expected [ 30 , 31 ], and, compared with factors such as gene, environment, region and income, the health effect of medical security is actually quite small [ 32 , 33 ]. From the health behavior perspective, after implementation of LTCI, whether the elderly can improve their health through the utilization of LTC services has been studied [ 5 , 34 ]. Moreover, Nemoto et al [ 35 ] considered the difference in physical vulnerability of people covered by LTCI as the object and found that the physical function of vulnerable elderly people became worse than before.…”

“…These systems primarily allow individuals who are disabled because of old age, disease, or disability to obtain care from the state or society, or medical care cost compensation, or service guarantee closely related to basic life. LTCI mainly includes basic life care services and medical rehabilitation care services [ 4 , 5 ]. Among them, basic life care services include assistance in eating, bathing, changing clothes, urination management, safety care, and so on.…”

Socioeconomic status and ADL disability of the older adults: Cumulative health effects, social outcomes and impact mechanisms

“…In terms of research content, this study focuses on the formation mechanism of risk of individual health shock and ADL disability of the older adults, under the influence of SES. In detail, we divided the ADL level of older adults into five levels: health, mild disability, moderate disability, partial disability and severe disability [ 22 , 23 ]. Also, the variable of SES is measured from the three dimensions of individual education level, economic status and pre retirement occupation [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Impact of Air Pollution on Residents' Medical Expenses: A Study Based on the Survey Data of 122 Cities in China

“…Research shows that short- and medium-term air pollution can significantly increase medical expenses. When air pollution is optimized, the total medical expenses can be effectively reduced ( 32 – 34 ). However, the medical costs associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases increase when the concentration of air pollutants increases, especially inhalable particulate matter ( 35 , 36 ).…”