Research on development characteristics and failure mechanism of land subsidence and ground fissure in Xi'an, monitored by using time-series SAR interferometry

Abstract

2019) Research on development characteristics and failure mechanism of land subsidence and ground fissure in Xi'an, monitored by using time-series SAR interferometry,

Sequential InSAR Time Series Deformation Monitoring of Land Subsidence and Rebound in Xi’an, China

“…Figure 4 presents the annual deformation rate map in the vertical direction over the main Xi'an region from 20 June 2015 to 17 July 2019. We chose the stable area indicated with a black pentagram as the reference point, as has been verified by previous studies [19,34,35].…”

“…The land subsidence in Xi'an can be divided into three stages; i) preliminary stage (1959 to 1971), ii) rapid development stage (1972 to 1990), and iii) slow development stage (1991 to present) [17]. As investigated, the localized groundwater withdrawal was the main factor for the long-term land subsidence [15,[33][34][35]. The degradation of the aquifer system led to these typical deformations, and threatened infrastructure assets.…”

“…Then, Envisat, advanced land observation satellite (ALOS) and TerraSAR SAR datasets were also used to investigate the two-dimensional deformation in Xi'an from 2005 to 2012 [34]. Furthermore, European remote sensing satellite (ERS), Envisat and Sentinel SAR datasets were also used to investigate the long-term deformation evolution and causative factors of land subsidence and ground fissures in Xi'an from 2003 to 2017 [35]. Recently, multi-sensor SAR datasets (ALOS, TerraSAR and Sentinel) were used to investigate spatiotemporal land deformation from 2012 to 2018 over Xi'an, where the surface deformation along three Xi'an subway lines was first analyzed [19].…”

“…Multi-temporal SAR observations and GPS measurements were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution and mechanism of land subsidence and ground fissure activities from 1992 to 2006 [32,33]. InSAR results from 2005 to 2018 uncovered the three land subsiding areas, namely, Yuhuazhai, Sanyaocun-Fengqiyuan and Qujiang New District [19,[31][32][33][34][35]. As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, two areas in Xi'an, namely, Sanyaocun-Fengqiyuan and Qujiang New District, continuously subsided from 20 June 2015 to 17 July 2019.…”

Using 3D seismic exploration to detect ground fissure

“…Geothermal Ground fissure is a geological phenomenon where the surface of the rock and soil produce craze and form a certain length of cracks under the action of the natural factors (Yang et al, 2018;Howard et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019), such as tectonic movement, the action of water or human factors (irrigation, excavation, etc). As a kind of supergene geological disaster phenomenon, ground fissure is common in many countries in the world (Bankher and Al-Harthi, 1999;Ayalew et al, 2004;Eleni et al, 2014;Gaur et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016).…”