“…At present, common methods include ultrasonic ranging, 14 lidar ranging, 15 , 16 infrared ranging, and optical ranging. 17 , 18 Although the principles of the ultrasonic, lidar, and infrared ranging methods are simple and the amount of computation required is small, the equipment is expensive, the image contrast is low, and the ability to distinguish details is poor. Optical detection, which comprises monocular ranging and binocular ranging, plays an increasingly important role in achieving obstacle detection because of the rich information and high resolution.…”