Research on Artificiallyu Triggered Lightning in France

Fieux, R.; Gary, C.; Hutzler, B.; Eybert-Bérard, A.; Hubert, P.; Meesters, A. C.; Perroud, Paul; Hamelin, J.; Person, J. M.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1978.354543

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is reported that rocket-triggered lightning produced similar streamers for which the time interval is a few milliseconds (Fieux et al, 1978, Miyachi, 1980. This peculiar feature may be inherent to the flash initiated by an upward streamer.…”

Section: Flash G-22mentioning

confidence: 92%

Leader and Return Stroke Velocity Measurements in Lightning From a Tall Chimney

Nakano¹,

Takeuti²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 1983

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Section: Flash G-22mentioning

confidence: 92%

Leader and Return Stroke Velocity Measurements in Lightning From a Tall Chimney

Nakano¹,

Takeuti²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 1983

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…[2] Rocket-and-wire triggering of lightning via a grounded triggering wire, so-called "classical triggering", with negative cloud charge above the triggering site begins with the launching of an upward-propagating positively-charged leader (UPL) from the wire top when the wire top reaches an altitude of typically 200 to 400 m [e.g., Fieux et al, 1978;Hubert et al, 1984;Biagi et al, 2011]. The UPL and the initial continuous current (ICC) that follows presumably propagate toward and into the negative cloud charge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Florida at sea level, the path of the IS, and the other processes that subsequently illuminate the IS's path, generally appear on photographs and to the human eye as a single channel below the cloud base [e.g., Biagi et al, 2009]. On the contrary, photographs of triggered lightning in New Mexico at Langmuir Laboratory at about 3000 m altitude [e.g., Idone et al, 1984] and at St. Privat d'Allier in France at about 1000 m altitude [e.g., Fieux et al, 1978;Hubert and Mouget, 1981] typically show an extensivelybranched upward positive leader. These visual differences have long been a subject of discussion among researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrical and electrical characteristics of the initial stage in Florida triggered lightning

Hill

Pilkey

Uman

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] We characterize the geometrical and electrical characteristics of the initial stages of nine Florida triggered lightning discharges using a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and measured channel-base currents. We determine initial channel and subsequent branch lengths, average initial channel and branch propagation speeds, and channel-base current at the time of each branch initiation. The channelbase current is found to not change significantly when branching occurs, an unexpected result. The initial stage of Florida triggered lightning typically transitions from vertical to horizontal propagation at altitudes of 3-6 km, near the typical freezing level of 4 km and several kilometers below the expected center of the negative cloud-charge region at 7-8 km. The data presented potentially provide information on thunderstorm electrical and hydrometeor structure and discharge propagation physics. LMA source locations were obtained from VHF sources of positive impulsive currents as small as 10 A, in contrast to expectations found in the literature.

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“…In this paper, we provide such characteristics using experimental data acquired in Alabama and Florida. Further, it has been known from the early days of rocket-triggered lightning experiments that the ICC involves impulsive processes [Fieux et al, 1978]. Since similar pulses, referred to as M-component current pulses, 4213 also occur during the continuing current that follows return strokes, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that both ICC pulses and M-component current pulses are produced by similar processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the initial stage of negative rocket‐triggered lightning

Wang¹,

Rakov²,

Uman³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

115

108

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Abstract. We performed a statistical study on the initial stage (IS) of negative rockettriggered lightning using 37 channel-base current recordings obtained during the summer of 1994 at Fort McClellan, Alabama, and during the summers of 1996 and 1997 at Camp Blanding, Florida. The IS can be viewed as composed of an upward positive leader (UPL) followed by an initial continuous current ( ICC ). The IS has a geometric mean (GM) duration of 279 ms and lowers a GM charge of 27 C to the ground. The average IS current in an individual lightning discharge varies from a minimum of 27 A to a maximum of 316 A with a GM value of 96 A for the entire sample of 37 discharges. We examined the current variation at the beginning of the IS in 24 flashes. In 22 out of 24 cases this initial current variation (ICV) includes a current drop, probably associated with the disintegration of the copper triggering wire and the subsequent current reestablishment. The GM time interval between the onset of the initial stage and the abrupt decrease in current is 8.6 ms, and the GM current level just prior to the current decrease is 312 A, a value about 3 times the GM value of average current for the whole IS, 96 A. Before this abrupt current decrease, a GM charge of 0.8 C has been lowered to ground with a corresponding GM action integral of 110 A 2 s. The abrupt current decrease takes typically several hundred microseconds and is followed, immediately or after a time interval up to several hundred microseconds, by a pulse with a typical peak of about 1 kA and a typical risetime of less than 100 •ts. The ICC usually includes impulsive processes that resemble the M processes observed during the continuing currents that follow return strokes in both natural and triggered lightning. We present statistics for the following parameters of current pulses superimposed on the ICC: magnitude, risetime, half-peak width, duration, charge transferred, preceding continuous current level, interpulse interval, and time interval between the onset of the IS and the first ICC pulse. The observed characteristics of ICC pulses varied significantly among the three data sets. For all data combined, the characteristics of the ICC pulses are similar to those of the M-component current pulses studied by Thottappillil et al. [1995]. This latter finding suggests that ICC impulsive processes are of the same nature as M processes.

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Research on Artificiallyu Triggered Lightning in France

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Leader and Return Stroke Velocity Measurements in Lightning From a Tall Chimney

Leader and Return Stroke Velocity Measurements in Lightning From a Tall Chimney

Geometrical and electrical characteristics of the initial stage in Florida triggered lightning

Characterization of the initial stage of negative rocket‐triggered lightning

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