The cutting unit of a mining shearer is composed of a drum, gear transmission and hydraulic height adjusting mechanism. To obtain the dynamic characteristics of crucial components in the coal cutting process, a model of a drum cutting coal was constructed using LS-DYNA. The model of gear transmission was constructed with Adams, and a model of the hydraulic height adjusting system was constructed with AMESim. Data transmission and co-simulation of these three models were implemented with MATLAB. Changes of the meshing force, acceleration and amplitude-frequency characteristics of key gears under different conditions were obtained. From the research, we conclude that it is effective and feasible to apply the multi-software co-simulation used by this paper to research a complex mechanical-hydraulic system such as a shearer cutting unit; supports from a hydraulic cylinder can decrease the meshing force of gears to some extent; and the meshing force of gears increases significantly as the mining height of the drum increases.