Research of the Theban limestone: The case of Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari

Dziedzic, Teresa; Michiewicz, Mieczysław

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20184900021

Cited by 2 publications

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References 3 publications

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“…These values were lower than the results presented here for the marly and micritic limestone together, which ranged from 3.9 MPa to 15.3 MPa. Similarly, Dziedzic and Michiewicz [25] reported values of strength in tension for limestone blocks from the temple of Hatshepsut, quarried about 3500 years ago at 3 km north of el-Qurna hill. The tests were conducted as bending tests on beams sampled from the temple, resulting in strength values ranging from 2.7 MPa to 3.4 MPa and an average value of 3 MPa.…”

Section: Analysis Of Indirect Tensile Strength (Brazilian Test Results)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Rock Mechanical Laboratory Testing of Thebes Limestone Formation (Member I), Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt

et al. 2022

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The Thebes Limestone Formation of Lower Eocene age is one of the most extensive rock units in Egypt. It is of importance to the apogee of the ancient Egyptian civilization, particularly in Luxor (South-Central Egypt), where the rock formation hosts the Theban Necropolis, a group of funerary chambers and temples from the New Kingdom Egyptian era (3500–3000 BP). In this work, we investigated the petrophysical and rock mechanical properties (e.g., rock strength, critical crack stress thresholds) through laboratory tests on eleven rock blocks collected from one area within the Theban Necropolis known as the Valley of the Kings (KV). The blocks belong to Member I of the Thebes Limestone Formation, including six blocks of marly limestone, three blocks of micritic limestone, one block of argillaceous limestone from the Upper Esna Shale Formation, and one block of silicified limestone of unknown origin. Special attention was given to the orientation of bedding planes in the samples: tests were conducted in parallel (PA) and perpendicular (PE) configurations with respect to bedding planes. We found that the marly limestone had an average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 30 MPa and 39 MPa for the PA and PE tests, respectively. Similarly, the micritic limestone tests showed an average UCS of 24 MPa for the PA orientation and 58 MPa for the PE orientation. The critical crack thresholds were the first ever reported for Member I, as measured with strain gauge readings. The average crack initiation (CI) stress thresholds for the marly limestone (PA: 14 MPa) and the micritic limestone (PA: 11 MPa; PE: 24 MPa) fall within the typical ratio of CI to UCS (0.36–0.52). The micritic limestone had an average Young’s modulus (E) of 19.5 GPa and 10.3 GPa for PA and PE, respectively. The Poisson’s ratios were 0.2 for PA and 0.1 for PE on average. Both marly and micritic limestone can be characterised by a transverse isotropic strength behaviour with respect to bedding planes. The failure strength for intact anisotropic rocks depends on the orientation of the applied force, which must be considered when assessing the stability of tombs and cliffs in the KV and will be used to understand and improve the preservation of this UNESCO World Heritage site.

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Section: Analysis Of Indirect Tensile Strength (Brazilian Test Results)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Rock Mechanical Laboratory Testing of Thebes Limestone Formation (Member I), Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt

et al. 2022

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“…Several modeling techniques were used to analyze the stability of the cliff under which the temple is constructed, coupled with rock discontinuities mapping and rock testing, to understand the mechanisms of failure of the cliff elements and suggest engineering solutions (Helal and Abdallah 1990;Dziedzic and Michiewicz 2018).…”

Section: Queen Hatshepsut Temple Of Eldeir Elbaharymentioning

confidence: 99%

30 Years of Cultural Heritage Landslides and Block Movements Risk Assessment: Case Studies from Egypt

Elshayeb

2023

Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022

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Throughout history, sites of high societal values, such as temples, tombs or palaces were mainly constructed through the digging/carving of rocks, built on hills or plateaus, or through the usage of carved/cut displaced rocks. Ancient designers/engineers/workers usually chose construction sites as to facilitate the building or the carving of stones, while, at the same time, serving the purpose of the building/constructions. In Egypt, throughout the ancient Egyptian Civilization, Egyptians have chosen to carve their temples and tombs in the soft limestone, shales and sandstones that are covering most of the modern Egypt, whereas in few temples and tombs, hard igneous and metamorphic rocks were used as ornament material for tombs and statutes. In this paper, we will present an account of the development of landslide risk assessment for various cultural heritage sites around Egypt, for different eras of Egyptian history and different sites. This paper aims at discussing different case studies and success stories of landslides and block movements hazards assessment around or inside Egyptian Cultural Heritage sites.

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Research of the Theban limestone: The case of Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Rock Mechanical Laboratory Testing of Thebes Limestone Formation (Member I), Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt

Rock Mechanical Laboratory Testing of Thebes Limestone Formation (Member I), Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt

30 Years of Cultural Heritage Landslides and Block Movements Risk Assessment: Case Studies from Egypt

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