Research Notes: Urban Villages and Activity Patterns in Phoenix

Pickus, John; Gober, Patricia

doi:10.2747/0272-3638.9.1.85

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Reductions due to congestion are biased against more recently developed suburban areas, perhaps reflecting the inability of street improvements to keep up with traffic and the presence of heavy cross-commuting patterns within suburban areas. Stronger evidence may exist in favor of the polycentric model, which is rather surprising given the limitations of this model in capturing human behavior in other urban contexts (Pickus and Gober 1988;Hoch and Waddell 1993;Waddell, Berry, and Hoch 1993;Fujii and Hartshorn 1995). However, the TIMED AREA measure again varies from this pattern by greatly increasing the accessibility of those adjacent to centers, while the effects of congestion also fail to support this model, as they are very uneven with distance.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the continued relevance of the monocentric model (as well as the related polycentric model discussed below) has been strongly challenged (Giuliano 1989(Giuliano , 1995, the underlying logic of this model, in which individuals act to minimize distance to work and accessibility declines with distance from the CBD, remains in common use. Statements about increasing traffic congestion (Hodge 1992), the potential impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems (Hodge, Morrill, and Stanilov 1996) and the urban village (Pickus and Gober 1988) and neotraditional development (Bookout 1992) concepts all make use of monocentric logic, even when no assertion is made that urban land uses can still be adequately described by this model. For this reason, it is appropriate to question whether the model continues to provide a useful conceptualization for discussing individual accessibility.…”

Section: Accessibility Patterns and Monocentric Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility

Weber

Kwan

2002

The Professional Geographer

186

109

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Although recent studies of individual accessibility have used detailed representations of urban street networks, unrealistic measures of travel time based on assumptions about constant travel speeds through the network were often used. Utilizing constant travel times does not allow for daily congestion and assumes that the effects of congestion are uniform throughout the city and affect all people equally. This research measures individual space-time accessibility in order to show that the incorporation of locally specific travel times within a street network allows a significant increase in the ability to realistically evaluate individual accessibility within cities. The results show that the accessibility of individuals within cities is not homogenous, and neither does access to employment or shopping opportunities vary according to common expectations about urban form and human behavior. Instead, the role of distance in predicting accessibility variations within cities is quite limited. This article also shows that incorporating time into accessibility measures in the form of congestion and business hours leads to additional (and highly spatially uneven) reductions in accessibility, revealing that the temporal dimension is very important to accurately assessing individual accessibility.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Accessibility Patterns and Monocentric Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility

Weber

Kwan

2002

The Professional Geographer

186

109

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“…In both North America and Europe, microlevel approaches to neighborhood and community living have begun to receive renewed attention (Ahlbrandt 1984;Banerjee and Baer 1984;Altman and Wandersman 1987;Pickus and Gober 1988;Pacione 1990;Aitken 1990). This interest is derived in part from an increasing dissatisfaction with structuralist perspectives (Lebas 1982;Gans 1984;Szelenyi 1986), and in part from sustained advances in behavioral theories and methods over the last decade.…”

Section: Microlevel Analysis Of Urban Livingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Residents' Spatial Knowledge of Neighborhood Continuity and Form

Aitken

Prosser

1990

Geographical Analysis

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Residents' Spatial Knowledge of Neighborhood Continuity and FormThis paper discusses residents' cognition of neighborhood fm in terms of linearbased and areal-based knowledge structures. Cognitive and behavioral data are used to create su7faces of residents' familiarity with, and experience of, a neighborhood in San Diego, Cal$mia. The complexity of the data required the topological and relational sophistication of an ARC / INFO-based geographic information system. Cellular-based data were collected to ident$y place-spec@c measures of residents' familiarity and experience within the community. The cellular data facilitated aggregation of residents' cognitive sugaces as absolute spaces, and also relative to their homes. Spatial autocorrelation and directional autoregression techniques are used in association with standard cognitive mapping to establish the continuity and fm of residents' familiarity and experience with their neighborhood.The findings suggest that there is a structural diflerence in the spatial familiarity of residents who perceive their neighborhood as an area and those who perceive it as a network. North-south and east-west street networks played an important part as the basis for both linear-based and areal-based knowledge, but noncardinal directions were more prominent in the familiarity surjkces of those residents who had an areal-based perception of neighborhood fm. In terms of theories of spatial knowledge acquisition, the findings suggest that (i) there may not be a direct sequential link between linear-based and areal-based knowledge structures, (ii) knowledge of a complex network may not be suflcient to provide areal-based knowledge, and (iii) an areal-based knowledge structure does not necessarily comprise an understanding of survey procedures.Neighborhood has much in common with geographic concepts such as environment, landscape, and place in that it is often an important spatial variable yet it is hard to define precisely. The concept of neighborhood emerged as an important academic and planning concern when proponents such as Jacobs (1961) and Keller (1968) popularized it as a panacea for a wide range of inner-city problems. Within the planning profession, the idea of neighborhood-based local government emerged as the hallmark of a nationwide movement beginning in the Stuart C. Aitken is assistant professor of geography and Rudy Prosser is a master of geography candidute at San Diego State Uniuersity.

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“…In fact, they do not. The vast majority of Phoenicians cross Village boundaries to work, shop, recreate, visit the doctor, and go to church (Pickus and Gober, 1988). The weak linkages between employers and employees that are seen as such a problem in the inner-city are, in fact, a Phoenix-wide phenomenon.…”

Section: Five Misconceptions Misconception 1: Phoenix's Urban Villagementioning

confidence: 99%

Why inner-city job linkages won't work in Phoenix

Gober

Burns

1998

Appl. Geogr. Studies

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This article describes the implementation of a geographically focused job linkage policy as part of the City of Phoenix's federally‐funded Enterprise Community. Job linkage policy faces formidable obstacles in Phoenix because it runs counter to prevailing transportation, employment, and demographic forces. Efforts to improve the employment outcomes and raise the standard of living of inner‐city residents should be metropolitan in scope, reflecting the metropolitan scale at which most Phoenicians, even inner‐city residents, live and work. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Research Notes: Urban Villages and Activity Patterns in Phoenix

Abstract: day-to-day self-sufficiency, and sufficient grouping of facilities to promote a sense of community identity (Porteous, 1977). From a sociological perspective, 85Urban Geography, 1988,9,1, pp. 85-97.

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility

Bringing Time Back In: A Study on the Influence of Travel Time Variations and Facility Opening Hours on Individual Accessibility

Residents' Spatial Knowledge of Neighborhood Continuity and Form

Why inner-city job linkages won't work in Phoenix

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