Research methods for measurement of heart rate and respiration

Porges, Stephen W.; Byrne, Evan

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(92)90012-j

Cited by 286 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Heart period measures have been used extensively in a variety ofcontexts as an index of ANS function in studies of individual differences and behavior-physiology interactions (Porges & Byrne, 1992). Statistical analysis of the variability in interbeat intervals (IBIs) permits us to separate the sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to variability.…”

Section: Measurement Of Heart Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and autonomic nervous system function assessed via heart period measures: The case of hyperarousal in boys with fragile X syndrome

Boccia

Roberts

2000

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Physiological responses may inform us about and help us to interpret behavioral responses. For example, hyperarousal may be a source of behavior problems in children with fragile Xsyndrome (FXS), To evaluate this approach, we examined heart period data in specific contexts in boys with FXSand in normally developing chronological-age-matched boys, Spectral analysis was used to evaluate the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems' contributions to heart period, Boys with FXS had shorter interbeat intervals, lower parasympathetic activity, and similar sympathetic activity, Also, the groups were differentially responsive to experimental challenge, These results have important implications for our understanding of the basic nervous system dysfunction in FXS and for the strategies likely to be effective in terms of pharmacological intervention with these children. These methods can be applied to a variety of contexts and populations, including children who are sensory defensive, socially avoidant, inattentive, or hyperactive.Investigations of individual differences are often enhanced by concomitant consideration of physiological and behavioral responses, and data from multiple sources can often strengthen a behavioral study. Psychobiological perspectives combine these two responses in looking at integrative analyses of both behavior and physiology. Although valuable, collection and coordination of these data often pose significant challenges. Specifically, it is challenging to find a method of data collection that allows integration between two systems, is noninvasive and tolerable to subjects, yet is reliable in terms of signal detection. Although these challenges are present in most studies integrating physiological and behavioral data, they are amplified when working with children who have developmental delays and/or known psychopathologies, particularly when sensory defensiveness is a behavioral characteristic. For example, completing functional magnetic resonance image scanning with unmedicated autistic children would be very challenging, given their difficulties in following directions, remaining still, and tolerating sensory stimulation.Hyperarousal as a source of behavior problems in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a case in which 5 consideration of physiological responses may inform us about and help us to interpret behavioral responses. Although numerous studies have cited evidence of high levels of behavioral arousal in individuals affected by FXS (Cohen, 1995; Merenstein et a1., 1996), there has been only one study ofphysiological arousal and no study that has integrated behavioral and physiological sources of arousa1. Inthis paper, we will use a study of hyperarousal in boys with FXS as a model of integrating multiple systems in order to study physiological arousal and its relation to behavioral problems.

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Section: Measurement Of Heart Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and autonomic nervous system function assessed via heart period measures: The case of hyperarousal in boys with fragile X syndrome

Boccia

Roberts

2000

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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“…In the aftermath, return to cardiac resting state requires parasympathetic influence to be instated through vagal nerve activation and its associated release of acetylcholine-a neurotransmitter that inhibits the SA node and decelerates HR. In contrast to stressful states, more restful and self-regulated states are typically marked by increased HRV, largely attributed to respiration-based (parasympathetic) HR control, particularly as slower respiration stimulates vagus nerve activity (Grossman and Taylor, 2007;Porges and Byrne, 1992). Thus, as an indicator of autonomic cardiac activity, the variation in HRV is used as an index of continuous and real-time changes in parasympathetic function at rest and under specific conditions (Allen et al, 2007;Force, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability is enhanced in controls but not maladaptive perfectionists during brief mindfulness meditation following stress-induction: A stratified-randomized trial

Azam

Katz

Fashler

et al. 2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is a vagal nerve-mediated biomarker of cardiac function used to investigate chronic illness, psychopathology, stress and, more recently, attention-regulation processes such as meditation. This study investigated HRV in relation to maladaptive perfectionism, a stress-related personality factor, and mindfulness meditation, a stress coping practice expected to elevate HRV, and thereby promote relaxation. Maladaptive perfectionists (n = 21) and Controls (n = 39) were exposed to a lab-based assessment in which HRV was measured during (1) a 5-minute baseline resting phase, (2) a 5-minute cognitive stress-induction phase, and (3) a post-stress phase. In the post-stress phase, participants were randomly assigned to a 10-minute audioinstructed mindfulness meditation condition or a 10-minute rest condition with audio-description of mindfulness meditation. Analyses revealed a significant elevation in HRV during meditation for Controls but not for Perfectionists. These results suggest that mindfulness meditation promotes relaxation following cognitive stress and that the perfectionist personality hinders relaxation possibly because of decreased cardiac vagal tone. The results are discussed in the context of developing psychophysiological models to advance therapeutic interventions for distressed populations.

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“…18 This controlled breathing has the disadvantage of autonomic control of the heart adapting to it. 19 Thus, in this study the rhythm of individual spontaneous breathing is considered as an influencing factor on HRV. The following questions will be examined:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic and parasympathetic activation in heart rate variability in male hypertensive patients under mental stress

Ruediger¹,

Seibt²,

Scheuch³

et al. 2004

J Hum Hypertens

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Disturbed sympathetic and also parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system points to pathological alterations in the cardiovascular system. Untreated hypertensive subjects were examined with respect to the question of whether an increase in sympathetic activity necessarily goes along with a reduction in parasympathetic activity, and whether 'delayed' recovery behaviour after mental stress could be an indicator of a disturbed cardiovascular function. In 20 male hypertensive (HT) and 20 normotensive (NT) subjects (control group), heart rate variability (HRV) was compared during rest and under mental stress. The testing procedure consisted of the following phases: habituation, arithmetic tasks without and with interference, recovery. HRV was analysed using the trigonometric regressive spectral analysis (TRS). Proceeding from the total variance (ms 2 ), the weighted averaged frequency (Hz) and the variance parts (ms 2 ) in the frequency bands 'low frequency' (LF-band: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and 'high frequency' (HF-band: 0.15-0.40 Hz) were explored. The variance part modulated by spontaneous breathing within the HF-band was assessed additionally. The variance part in the LF-band under mental stress was significantly increased in the HT group (Po0.01). Activity in the HF-band (without the respiration-dependent part) under mental stress did not differ between both groups, whereas the breathing-modulated part of variance in the HF-band was reduced in the HT subjects. During the recovery period in the HT group, the weighted averaged frequency was still elevated compared to baseline, and the variance part in the LF-band was increased, which may point to delayed recovery behaviour. In addition, by using a discriminant analysis 85% of all subjects were reclassified to the original groups, all HT subjects being assigned 'correctly'. Spectral variance parameters enable early discovery of altered cardiovascular regulation. Respiration influences variance in the HF-band in hypertensive subjects and should therefore be paid attention to. The variance part in the LF-band, weighted averaged frequency and the respiration-modulated variance in the HF-band turned out to be the most valid parameters for the differentiation between NT and HT subjects.

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Research methods for measurement of heart rate and respiration

Cited by 286 publications

References 34 publications

Behavior and autonomic nervous system function assessed via heart period measures: The case of hyperarousal in boys with fragile X syndrome

Behavior and autonomic nervous system function assessed via heart period measures: The case of hyperarousal in boys with fragile X syndrome

Heart rate variability is enhanced in controls but not maladaptive perfectionists during brief mindfulness meditation following stress-induction: A stratified-randomized trial

Sympathetic and parasympathetic activation in heart rate variability in male hypertensive patients under mental stress

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