Research letters

Ahmed, Sheikh Mushtaq; Qureshi, Umar Amin; Rasool, Akhter; Charoo, Bashir Ahmed; Iqbal, Qazi; Bagla, Jyoti; Mishra, Devendra; Deb, Roumi; Gupta, Sunil Kumar; Ratnam, B. Venkat; Rath, CP; Akki, Arvind; Patil, S. V.; Kalyanshettar, SS

doi:10.1007/s13312-011-0013-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…[ 7 ] Three states including Bihar were reported to have the highest annual snakebite deaths. [ 7 ] Much of the published literature from India is hospital-based and deals with clinical management of snakebite cases,[ 8 – 16 ] and little information is available around the context around and post snakebite that could facilitate development of successful strategies to address this public health problem. [ 17 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to snakebite and other venomous animals in the Indian state of Bihar: Findings from a representative mortality study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAnimal bites and stings contribute significantly to mortality in certain parts of the world. India accounts for the highest number of snakebites and related mortality globally. We report on mortality due to bite or sting of a venomous animal from a population-based study in the Indian state of Bihar which estimated the causes of death using verbal autopsy.Methodology/principal findingsInterviews were conducted for all deaths that occurred from January 2012 to March 2014 in 109,689 households (87.1% participation) covering 627,658 population in 1,017 clusters representative of the state using the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium shortened verbal autopsy questionnaire. Cause of death was assigned using the SmartVA automated algorithm. The annualized mortality rate per 100,000 population due to snakebite, scorpion sting and other animals adjusted for age, sex and urban-rural population distribution of the state; and detailed contextual information on snakebites are reported. Deaths due to bite/sting of a venomous animal accounted for 10.7% of all deaths due to unintentional injuries, with an adjusted mortality rate of 6.2 (95% CI 6.0–6.3) per 100,000 population. The adjusted snakebite mortality rate was 4.4 (95% CI 4.3–4.6) which was significantly higher in the rural areas (4.8, 95% CI 4.7–5.0) and in females (5.5, 95% CI 5.3–5.7). Snakebites accounted for 7.6% of all unintentional injury deaths across all ages but for 33.3% of the deaths in 10–14 years age group. A similar proportion of snakebite deaths occurred while sleeping (30.2%), playing (30.2%) and during field/outdoor activities (27.9%). In these cases, 8.2% people were already dead when found, 34.7% had died before treatment could be provided, and 28 (57.1%) had died post treatment among whom 46.4% had sought treatment at a health facility, 25% with a traditional healer, and the rest from both. Death before reaching a health provider, non-availability of medicines or doctor, referral patterns, and sex-differentials in the context of snakebite deaths are reported. None of the verbatim specifically mentioned anti-venom being used for treatment. The adjusted mortality rate for scorpion sting was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8–0.9).ConclusionsThe findings from this large representative sample documents the magnitude of snakebite mortality in Bihar and highlight the circumstances surrounding the snakebite events that could facilitate prevention and intervention opportunities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to snakebite and other venomous animals in the Indian state of Bihar: Findings from a representative mortality study

et al. 2018

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Care-seeking behaviour of suspected snakebite cases admitted in a medical college of West Bengal: A pathway analysis

Das

Banerjee

Naskar

et al. 2021

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

Suraweera

Warrell

Whitaker

et al. 2020

eLife

186

158

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The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will require substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001 to 2014, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2019 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000 to 2019. Nearly half occurred at ages 30–69 years and over a quarter in children < 15 years. Most occurred at home in the rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11–1.77 million bites in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

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Research letters

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Mortality due to snakebite and other venomous animals in the Indian state of Bihar: Findings from a representative mortality study

Mortality due to snakebite and other venomous animals in the Indian state of Bihar: Findings from a representative mortality study

Care-seeking behaviour of suspected snakebite cases admitted in a medical college of West Bengal: A pathway analysis

Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

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