Research frontiers in penaeid shrimp reproduction: Future trends to improve commercial production

Abstract

Shrimp farming worldwide is based on a similar technological package, characterized by three phases: Controlled Reproduction, Larvae Culture, and Grow-out Culture. This basic aquaculture package uses broodstock animals, with different levels of fundamental genetic selection, induced to mature and reproduce based on unilateral eyestalk ablation. This review identified ten reproduction-related research subjects that can improve the shrimp industry based on basic scientific knowledge and four levels of application: eyestalk ablation alternatives, larvae production, product protection, and grow-out yield improvement. Species-specificity must be considered in developing biotechnology solutions. Alternatives to eyestalk ablation for controlling ovarian maturation are based on neurotransmitter regulation in Litopenaeus; however, the environmental impact of this approach has to be evaluated. Maturation by RNAi requires further evaluation, and maturation pheromones have not been explored. Sex reversal, hybridization, in vitro fertilization, and seedstock cryopreservation of penaeids require fundamental research. Triploid culture and genetic selection can be applied to some species for product protection; however, for L. vannamei, triploidization is not practical yet.

Insight into Physicochemical, Rheological, and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Extracted from Antarctic krill: A Comparative Study

“…With the development of aquaculture in recent years, approximately 6–8 million tons of crustacean wastes globally were produced worldwide every year [ 1 ]. It consists of 30–40% of proteins, 30–50% of CaCO 3 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and 20–30% of chitin [ 2 ].…”

Assessment of the Effects of Double-Stranded RNAs Corresponding to Multiple Vitellogenesis-Inhibiting Hormone Subtype I Peptides in Subadult Female Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…One of these factors is considered to be the putative vitellogenesis-stimulating hormone (VSH). Although the identity of VSH in shrimp is not clear, various hormonal factors seem to be able to stimulate ovarian maturation (2,(26)(27)(28)(29). Hence, the use of RNAi combined with the application of various stimulatory factors may eventually lead to the goal of being able to accelerate ovarian maturation.…”

Triploid induction in penaeid shrimps aquaculture: a review

“…Cold shock method was also indentified to be the best method for triploidy induction in P. monodon (Pongtippatee et al, 2012). Recent finding from P. monodon triploidy induction identified that triploidy does not skew sex ratio towards females with 1 female:1.625 males was identified (Sellars et al, 2012a), and this finding profound scientific implication concerning the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation for penaeid shrimp (Alfaro‐Montoya et al, 2019).…”

“…The size of the shrimp also determines the price in the market as by culturing monosex species, respectively, will make better profit. The induction of polyploidy in penaeid shrimp proved improve growth rates, sterility and genetic protection and this technique skewed sex towards female in F. chinensis (80%) and in M. japonicus (100%) female (Li et al, 2003; Coman et al, 2008; Alfaro‐Montoya, et al, 2019). Depending on the price structure related to size classes in marketable products, monosex culture of shrimp at high densities might increase economic profitability, as compared to mixed‐sex culture at low densities.…”