Research Development on Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) is a cathode material that features 3D Li+ diffusion channels, and it offers a range of benefits including low cost, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, high safety, and excellent rate performance. Consequently, it has become a popular cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, having gained practical application. However, the cycling performance of LMO is still limited by problems such as Jahn-Teller distortion and Mn dissolution. In recent years, researchers have proposed various preparation and modification methods to address these problems and achieve wider commercialization of LMO cathode materials. This paper introduces the spinel structure of LMO and its degradation mechanisms, listing several common methods for synthesizing LMO cathode materials and modification approaches aimed at improving cyclic stability.

Li+ and PO43– Codoping Synergy to Enhance the Cycling Stability and Rate Capacity of Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…84-0673) observed. This irreversible phase transition from cubic to tetragonal phase during cycling leads to serious volume changes and local internal stresses, eventually resulting in particle cracking and manganese dissolution. − In contrast, the LMO-2LiP electrode maintains its original XRD characteristics and intensity after 50 cycles (Figure b). Although some minor diffraction peaks of tetragonal Li 2 Mn 2 O 4 can also be observed in the LMO-2LiP electrode, the extent of phase transition is much smaller than that in the LMO electrode, indicating enhanced structural stability of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 due to Li + and PO 4 3– codoping.…”

Unlocking the potential of NiCo2O4 nanocomposites: morphology modification based on urea concentration and hydrothermal and calcination temperature

“…28 Among these methods, hydrothermal synthesis seems suitable for controlling the shape and producing a catalyst that can be used for deposition onto the surface of different substrates. 29–33 The hydrothermal method using a hydrolysis agent such as urea can make the desired morphology of the final electrocatalyst by the production of hydroxide in the solution which can firstly decompose the precursor salts and in the second step bond with Ni 2+ and Co 2+ , producing double-layered hydroxide (LDH) of Ni and Co, which can with thermal treatment produce pure single phase NiCo 2 O 4 . 34,35…”

“…28 Among these methods, hydrothermal synthesis seems suitable for controlling the shape and producing a catalyst that can be used for deposition onto the surface of different substrates. [29][30][31][32][33] The hydrothermal method using a hydrolysis agent such as urea can make the desired morphology of the final electrocatalyst by the production of hydroxide in the solution which can firstly decompose the precursor salts and in the second step bond with Ni 2+ and Co 2+ , producing doublelayered hydroxide (LDH) of Ni and Co, which can with thermal treatment produce pure single phase NiCo 2 O 4 . 34,35 NiCo 2 O 4 has been synthesized in a wide variety of structural forms, spanning nanoparticles, 36 nanowires, 37 nanoflowers, 38 nanosheet arrays, 39 and nanoneedle arrays, 40 and the results of these studies demonstrate the important role of shape in electrochemical characteristics.…”

Visualization and Quantification of State of Charge-Dependent Young’s Modulus of LiMn2O4 Nanosized Particles by Bimodal AFM

“…9,10 Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) is one of the most promising cathode candidates for lithium-ion batteries due to its high voltage, low cost, low toxicity, and relatively good rate performance. 11,12 However, this material shows a large volume change due to (de)lithiation during the charging and discharging processes, and this volume change induces stress in the material. The stress will result in fracture phenomena and finally lead to mechanical damage, which has been considered a key degradation mechanism in lithium-ion batteries, 13,14 in addition to electrolyte decomposition at high potential and manganese dissolution in the electrolyte.…”