Research development of 589 nm laser for sodium laser guide stars

A comprehensive review on the development and applications of narrow‐linewidth lasers

“…A sodium beacon is a star-guiding technology that uses a high-power 589 nm laser emitted from the ground to resonate with sodium atoms at an altitude of 80-100 km, producing high-brightness fluorescent radiation in the back direction. [118][119][120] Because of the high generating height close to the top of the atmosphere, sodium guide star technology shows a good correction effect compared with other ionospheres in the atmosphere. The working principle of an adaptive optics system based on a guide star is illustrated in Figure 9.…”

“…It is currently widely used in large ground‐based optical telescopes, where a beacon laser with high brightness and narrow linewidth is the key to improving the performance of adaptive optics systems. A sodium beacon is a star‐guiding technology that uses a high‐power 589 nm laser emitted from the ground to resonate with sodium atoms at an altitude of 80–100 km, producing high‐brightness fluorescent radiation in the back direction 118–120 . Because of the high generating height close to the top of the atmosphere, sodium guide star technology shows a good correction effect compared with other ionospheres in the atmosphere.…”

Compact 589 nm yellow source generated by frequency‐doubling of passively Q‐switched Nd:YVO4 Raman laser

“…Through frequency doubling of its first Stokes wave is also an important approach to achieve yellow emission 5–7 with significant application in medical treatment, laser display, remote sensing and metrology 8–12 . Especially for second harmonic generation (SHG) of the c‐cut Nd:YVO 4 crystal Raman laser, it could achieve 589 nm yellow emission for potential sodium beacon application as its resonating with sodium D 2 spectrum line 13–15 …”

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Especially for second harmonic generation (SHG) of the c-cut Nd:YVO 4 crystal Raman laser, it could achieve 589 nm yellow emission for potential sodium beacon application as its resonating with sodium D 2 spectrum line. [13][14][15] Recently, frequency-doubling of separate Raman crystal laser based on BaWO 4 and KGW crystals also had been reported for 589 nm yellow emission. 16,17 Nd:YVO 4 self-Raman laser was widely studied for its advantages in no need of additional laser crystal and making laser resonator compact.…”

Compound Cavity Passively Q-Switched Single-Longitudinal-Mode Diode-Pumped Laser

“…[1][2][3][4]. Across the domains of coherent optical communications, sodium guide star technology, gravitational wave detection, and non-linear optics, solid-state single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser sources with a narrow spectral bandwidth are attracting significant interest [5][6][7][8][9][10]. These lasers, which often also carry additional characteristics such as broad wavelength tuning capability, high pulse energy, and good beam quality, are enabling a host of new techniques and methodologies.…”