Research article expression of surfactant protein-A and D, and CD9 in lungs of 1 and 30 day old foals

Abstract

Background Respiratory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the horses of all ages including foals. There is limited understanding of the expression of immune molecules such as tetraspanins and surfactant proteins (SP) and the regulation of the immune responses in the lungs of the foals. Therefore, the expression of CD9, SP-A and SP-D in foal lungs was examined. Results Lungs from one day old (n = 6) and 30 days old (n = 5) foals were examined for the expression of CD9, SP-A, and SP-D with immunohistology and Western blots. Western blot data showed significant increase in the amount of CD9 protein (p = 0.0397) but not of SP-A and SP-D at 30 days of age compared to one day. Immunohistology detected CD9 in the alveolar septa and vascular endothelium but not the bronchiolar epithelium in the lungs of the foals in both age groups. SP-A and SP-D expression was localized throughout the alveolar septa including type II alveolar epithelial cells and the vascular endothelium of the lungs in all the foals. Compared to one day old foals, the expression of SP-A and SP-D appeared to be increased in the bronchiolar epithelium of 30 day old foals. Pulmonary intravascular macrophages were also positive for SP-A and SP-D in 30 days old foals and these cells are not developed in the day old foals. Conclusions This is the first data on the expression of CD9, SP-A and SP-D in the lungs of foals.

Surfactant Material Properties and Coronavirus Surface: A Surface Interaction for Covid-19 Treatment and Vaccination

“…It could be reasonably hypothesized that surfactant therapy would be promising in COVID-19 cases. A list of approved lung surfactants Colfosceril palpitate, breakfast, lucinactant, and recombinant human surfactants protein C. polysorbate, poloxamer, sodium lauryl sulfate, Certificate, Bile Salt Surfactants, Phospholipids, Vitamin E TPGS, Polyoxyl 35 castor oil [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”