“…"Personal" social support has been consistently assessed in prior research on science motivation in marginalized students as support received from meaningful others in students' personal lives, such as parents (e.g., Simpkins, Estrella, Gaskin, & Koberdanz, 2018;Simpkins, Price, & Garcia, 2015), siblings (e.g., Puente & Simpkins, 2020), and close friends (e.g., Simpkins, Liu, Hsieh, & Estrella, 2020). In contrast, "academic" social support has been previously explored among at-risk STEM students as support from educational instructors, administrators, or staff (e.g., faculty mentorship programs; Hernandez et al, 2023).…”